cho các vecto a,b,c thỏa mãn \(\left|a\right|=x,\left|b\right|=y,\left|c\right|=z\)và a+b+3c=0
tính A=a.b+b.c+c.a
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\(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}=-2\overrightarrow{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}\right)^2=\left(-2\overrightarrow{c}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{a}^2+\overrightarrow{b}^2+\overrightarrow{c}^2+2\left(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{c}+\overrightarrow{c}.\overrightarrow{a}\right)=4\overrightarrow{c}^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{4x^2-\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{3x^2-y^2-z^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3+\frac{y+z-2x}{x}=3+\frac{x+z-2y}{y}=3+\frac{x+y-2z}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y+z}{x}=\frac{x+y+z}{y}=\frac{x+y+z}{z}\)
\(TH1:x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\left(y+z\right),y=-\left(x+z\right),z=-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{-y-z}{y}\right).\left(1+\frac{-x-z}{z}\right).\left(1+\frac{-x-y}{x}\right)\)
\(A=-\left(\frac{z}{y}\cdot\frac{x}{z}\cdot\frac{y}{x}\right)=-1\)
\(TH2:x+y+z\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z\Rightarrow A=2^3=8\)
sai đề ròi: tớ làm 2 trường hợp luôn vì trường hợp x+y+z khác 0 thì A mới t/m thuộc N
mà đề là x+y+z khác 0 -.-
thay trực tiếp giả thiết ta có
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)}=\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ac}=\sqrt{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}=\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
tương tự ta có
\(\sqrt{b^2+1}=\sqrt{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\sqrt{c^2+1}=\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
nên
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}=\sqrt{\left(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\right)^2}=\left|\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\right|\)
mà \(a,b,c\in Q\) nên \(\left|\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\right|\in Q\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(3.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(=>3ab+3bc+3ca=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(=>3ab+3bc+3ca-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(=>-a^2-b^2-c^2+ab+bc+ca=0=>-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(=>a^2+b^2+c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0=>2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\right)=0\)
\(=>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(=>\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(=>\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Tổng 3 số không âm =0 <=> chúng = 0
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}< =>a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Ta có:\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}\)
Ta có:\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{xa^2}{a^3}=\frac{yb^2}{b^3}=\frac{zc^2}{c^3}=\frac{a^2x+b^2y+c^2z}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
Ta có\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}=\frac{x^3}{a^2x}=\frac{y^3}{b^2y}=\frac{z^3}{c^2z}=\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{a^2x+b^2y+c^2z}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z\right)^2}=\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{a^2x+b^2y+c^2z}\cdot\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{a^2x+b^2y+c^2z}\cdot\frac{a+b+c}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{a^2}\cdot\frac{a}{x}\cdot\frac{a}{x}\)=1
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=-3\overrightarrow{c}\Leftrightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2=9\overrightarrow{c}^2\)
<=> \(\overrightarrow{a}^2+\overrightarrow{b}^2+2\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}=9\overrightarrow{c}^2\)
<=> \(\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}=\dfrac{9z^2-x^2-y^2}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}=-\overrightarrow{a}\) <=> \(\left(\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}\right)^2=\overrightarrow{a}^2\)
<=> \(\overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{c}=\dfrac{x^2-y^2-9z^2}{2}\)
Và lại có : \(\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{c}=\dfrac{y^2-x^2-9z^2}{2}\)
Suy ra: A=\(\dfrac{9z^2-x^2-y^2}{2}+\dfrac{x^2-y^2-9z^2}{2}+\dfrac{y^2-x^2-9z^2}{2}=\dfrac{3z^2-z^2-y^2}{2}\)
Ta có: \(bc(y-z)^{2}+ac(x-z)^{2}+ab(x-y)^{2}\)
\(=(abx^2+cax^2)+(bcy^2+aby^2)+(caz^2+bcz^2)-2(ax.by+by.cz+cz.ax)\)
\(=ax^2(2017-a)+by^2(2017-b)+cz^2(2017-c)-2(ax.by+by.cz+cz.ax)\)
\(=2017(ax^2+by^2+cz^2)-[a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2(ax.by+by.cz+cz.ax)]\)
\(=2017(ax^2+by^2+cz^2)-(ax+by+cz)^2\)
\(=2017(ax^2+by^2+cz^2)\)
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{2017}\)
bài của bạn Phạm Quốc Cường phải là 2007 chứ không phải 2017
Lời giải:
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow {c}=-2\overrightarrow{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow (\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c})^2=(-2\overrightarrow{c})^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{c}+\overrightarrow{c}.\overrightarrow{a})=4c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{c}+\overrightarrow{c}.\overrightarrow{a})=4z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{c}+\overrightarrow{c}.\overrightarrow{a})=3z^2-x^2-y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{c}+\overrightarrow{c}.\overrightarrow{a}=\frac{3z^2-x^2-y^2}{2}\)