Cho \(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2014^2}\)
CMR S ko phải là số tự nhiên
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Lời giải:
$n=1$ thì $S=0$ nguyên nhé bạn. Phải là $n>1$
\(S=1-\frac{1}{1^2}+1-\frac{1}{2^2}+1-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+1-\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(=n-\underbrace{\left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)}_{M}\)
Để cm $S$ không nguyên ta cần chứng minh $M$ không nguyên. Thật vậy
\(M> 1+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n(n+1)}=1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
\(M>1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n+1}>1\) với mọi $n>1$
Mặt khác:
\(M< 1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{(n-1)n}=1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(M< 1+1-\frac{1}{n}< 2\)
Vậy $1< M< 2$ nên $M$ không nguyên. Kéo theo $S$ không nguyên.
A=1/2+1/3+..+1/2019 < 1>
A= 1+1/2+1/3+..+1/2019 < 1>
A=1+1/2+1/3+..+1/2019 <1>
A=1+1/2+1/3+..+1/2019 <2018>
Vì 2018/2019 <1>
nên A=1/2+1/3+..+1/2019<1>
=> A=1/2+1/3+..+1/2019 không phải là số tự nhiên.
Mình chưa hiểu cách bạn làm với dấu <1> cho lắm.
Theo mình hiểu thì bạn đang chứng minh $A< 1$ nên $A$ không phải số tự nhiên. Mà điều này thì sai vì $A=1+(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...)$ hiển nhiên lớn hơn $1$.
4S=1+24+342+....+2014420134S=1+24+342+....+201442013
4S−S=3S=1+24+342+....+201442013−(14+242+343+....+201442014)4S−S=3S=1+24+342+....+201442013−(14+242+343+....+201442014)
3S=1+(24−14)+(342−242)+......+(201442013−201342013)−2014420143S=1+(24−14)+(342−242)+......+(201442013−201342013)−201442014
3S=1+14+142+143+.....+142013−2014420143S=1+14+142+143+.....+142013−201442014
đặt A=1+14+142+143+....+142023A=1+14+142+143+....+142023
4A−A=4+1+14+142+.....+142022−(1+14+142+....+142023)4A−A=4+1+14+142+.....+142022−(1+14+142+....+142023)
3A=4−1420233A=4−142023
A=43−13.42023A=43−13.42023
⇒3S=43−13.42023−201442024⇒3S=43−13.42023−201442024
⇒S=49−19.42023−20143.42024⇒S=49−19.42023−20143.42024
do 49<48=1249<48=12
⇒S=49−19.42023−20143.42024<48=12(đpcm)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(S=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2015^2}\)
\(S> \frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S> \frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+\frac{5-4}{4.5}+...+\frac{2016-2015}{2015.2016}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S> \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S> \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2016}=\frac{1007}{2016}\)
--------------------------
\(S=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+....+\frac{1}{2015^2}\)
\(S< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{2014}{2015}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S< \frac{2-1}{1.2}+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+...+\frac{2015-2014}{2014.2015}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-....+\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2015}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S< 1-\frac{1}{2015}=\frac{2014}{2015}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm.
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2018}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1}+1+\dfrac{1}{2}+1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+1+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2018}\left(2018+\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(S=1+\dfrac{1}{2018}\left(\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)\)
Do \(\dfrac{1}{2018}\left(\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)>0\Rightarrow S>1\) (1)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}< \dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{1}+...+\dfrac{1}{1}=2018\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2018}\left(\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)< 1+\dfrac{1}{2018}.2018=2\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 2\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrow1< S< 2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\) nằm giữa 2 số tự nhiên liên tiếp nên S không phải là số tự nhiên
Câu 2:
\(A=2014+\dfrac{2014}{1+2}+\dfrac{2014}{1+2+3}+...+\dfrac{2014}{1+2+3+...+2013}\)
\(=2014\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1+2}+\dfrac{1}{1+2+3}+...+\dfrac{1}{1+2+3+...+2013}\right)\)
\(=2014\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2\left(2+1\right)}.2+\dfrac{1}{3\left(3+1\right)}.2+...+\dfrac{1}{2013\left(2013+1\right)}.2\right)\)
\(=2014\left(\dfrac{2}{1.2}+\dfrac{2}{2.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{2}{2013.2014}\right)\)
\(=4028\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013.2014}\right)\)
Bạn tự tính nốt nhé
1)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2012^2}< \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011\cdot2012}\left(1\right)\)\(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011\cdot2012}\\ =\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011}-\dfrac{1}{2012}\\ =\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2012}< 1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có: A < 1
2)
\(A=2014+\dfrac{2014}{1+2}+\dfrac{2014}{1+2+3}+...+\dfrac{2014}{1+2+3+...+2013}\\ =2014\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{1+2}+\dfrac{1}{1+2+3}+...+\dfrac{1}{1+2+3+...+2013}\right)\\ =2014\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(1\cdot2\right):2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(2\cdot3\right):2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(3\cdot4\right):2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2013\cdot2014\right):2}\right)\\ =2014\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{2}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{2}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{2}{2013\cdot2014}\right)\\ =2014\cdot2\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013\cdot2014}\right)\\ =4028\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013}-\dfrac{1}{2014}\right)\\ =4028\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2014}\right)\\ =4028\cdot\dfrac{2013}{2014}\\ =4026\)
3)
Để A là số nguyên thì \(6n+42⋮6n\Rightarrow42⋮6n\Rightarrow6n\inƯ\left(42\right)\)
\(Ư\left(42\right)=\left\{1;2;3;6;7;14;21;42\right\}\)
6n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 42 |
n | \(\dfrac{1}{6}\) | \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) | \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) | 1 | \(\dfrac{7}{6}\) | \(\dfrac{7}{3}\) | \(\dfrac{7}{2}\) | 7 |
Vì n là số tự nhiên nên n = 1 hoặc n = 7
4)
\(A=\dfrac{17^{18}+1}{17^{19}+1}< \dfrac{17^{18}+1+16}{17^{19}+1+16}=\dfrac{17^{18}+17}{17^{19}+17}=\dfrac{17\cdot\left(17^{17}+1\right)}{17\cdot\left(17^{18}+1\right)}=\dfrac{17^{17}+1}{17^{18}+1}=B\)
Vậy A<B
\(S=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\\ S=\left(1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\\ S=n-1-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)< n-1\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+..+\dfrac{1}{n^2}=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}=1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow S>n-1-1=n-2\\ \Rightarrow n-2< S< n-1\\ \Rightarrow S\notin N\)
Giải:
Ta có: \(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2014^2}>0_{\left(1\right)}.\)(Do S là phân số).
Ta lại có:
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2014^2}.\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+\dfrac{1}{4.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2014.2014}.\)
\(< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013.2014}.\)
\(< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013}-\dfrac{1}{2014}.\)
\(< 1+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2013}-\dfrac{1}{2013}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2014}.\)
\(< 1+0+0+0+...+0-\dfrac{1}{2014}.\)
\(< 1-\dfrac{1}{2014}.\)
\(< \dfrac{2013}{2014}.\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1_{\left(2\right)}.\) (do \(\dfrac{2013}{2014}< 1\)).
Từ \(_{\left(1\right)}\) và \(_{\left(2\right)}\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(0< S< 1.\)
\(\Rightarrow S\) không phải là số tự nhiên.
Vậy ta thu được \(đpcm.\)
~ Học tốt!!! ~
Ta thấy : \(S>0\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Ta thấy :
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
...............................
\(\dfrac{1}{2014^2}< \dfrac{1}{2013.2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+..................+\dfrac{1}{2013.2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+.................+\dfrac{1}{2013}-\dfrac{1}{2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1-\dfrac{1}{2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Rightarrow0< S< 1\Rightarrow S\) ko là số tự nhiên \(\rightarrowđpcm\)