\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}+\dfrac{x}{x-\sqrt{x}}\right):\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\) với x > 0; x \(\ne\) 1
a) Rút gọn P
b) Tìm GTNN của biểu thức M = P.\(\sqrt{x}\) khi x > 1
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\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}:\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1-4\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
1.
\(Q=\left[\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{(\sqrt{x}+1)^2}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+1)}\right].\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+1)\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+2)}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-2)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+2)(\sqrt{x}-1)-\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+1)}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+1)}=\frac{2x}{x-1}\)
2.
\(A=\left[\frac{\sqrt{x}+2-(\sqrt{x}-2)}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)}-\frac{4\sqrt{x}}{x-4}\right].\frac{x-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\left(\frac{4}{x-4}-\frac{4\sqrt{x}}{x-1}\right).\frac{x-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac{4(1-\sqrt{x})}{x-4}.\frac{x-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac{4(1-\sqrt{x})}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(B=\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{2x-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}\right).\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right)\\ =\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right)\\ =\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}.\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right)\\ =\left(\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}.\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right)\\ =\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{x-9}\right):\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2-\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x-9\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}}{x-9}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x-6\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right).\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\dfrac{3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}-\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right):\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x-1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}:\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}{x-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1-x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}{x\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1-x}{\sqrt{x}}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1+1-x}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1-x}{\sqrt{x}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(A_1=\dfrac{x+2+x-1-x-\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(A_2=\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right]:\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}\\ A_2=\dfrac{x-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+1}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\\ A_2=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)=3-1=2\)
b: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{-4}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
a, \(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{3}-1}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)=\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)=2\)
b, với x > 0
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x+1}}\right)\)
\(=-\dfrac{-4}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\sqrt{x+1}}=\dfrac{4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\sqrt{x^2+x}}\)
Lời giải:
\(P=\left[\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{(\sqrt{x}+1)(\sqrt{x}-1)}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)}\right]:\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right].\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}.\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
b. Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM
\(M=P\sqrt{x}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\frac{x-1+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\sqrt{x}+1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=(\sqrt{x}-1)+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+2\geq 2\sqrt{(\sqrt{x}-1).\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}}+2=2+2=4\)
Vậy $M_{\min}=4$ khi $\sqrt{x}-1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}$
$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1$