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Ban su dung phuong phap: Dua ton duoi can ve binh phuong
1^3+2^3= 1+8= 9 = 3^2= (1+2)^2 Vay √13+23=1+2
1^3+2^3+3^3= 9+27=36=6^2=(1+2+3)^2 Vay √13+23+33=1+2+3
1^3+2^3+3^3+4^3=36+64=100=10^2=(1+2+3+4)^2. Vay √13+23+33+43=1+2+3+4
Đặt \(x=1+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}\right)^2\) , \(y=1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right)^2\) \(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x+y=2\\xy=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}\)
Ta có vế trái : \(\frac{x}{1+\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y}{1-\sqrt{y}}=\frac{x-x\sqrt{y}+y+y\sqrt{x}}{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)-\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{y}\right)}\)
Xét tử số : \(\left(x+y\right)-\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)=2-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Xét mẫu số : \(\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right)=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy : \(\frac{x}{1+\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y}{1-\sqrt{y}}=\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{\frac{3}{2}}=1\) hay \(\frac{1+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}{1+\sqrt{1+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}}+\frac{1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}{1-\sqrt{1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}}=1\) (đpcm)
\(=\left[\dfrac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2}:\left(1+\sqrt{\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{4}}\right)\right]+\left[\dfrac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}:\left(1-\sqrt{\dfrac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{4}}\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2}:\dfrac{2+\sqrt{3}+1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}:\dfrac{2-\sqrt{3}+1}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{2+\sqrt{3}}{3+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{2-\sqrt{3}}{3-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=1\)
\(\frac{4.\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{\sqrt{3}-1}-\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)}-\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)-\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3\sqrt{3}-5}{3\sqrt{5}-5}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(P=\frac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\frac{1}{xy}\)
Ta có:
\(x+y=1\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x^3+y^3+3xy}{x^3+y^3}+\frac{x^3+y^3+3xy}{xy}\)\(=4+\frac{3xy}{x^3+y^3}+\frac{x^3+y^3}{xy}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng Bđt Cô si ta có:
\(\frac{3xy}{x^3+y^3}+\frac{x^3+y^3}{xy}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3xy}{x^3+y^3}\cdot\frac{x^3+y^3}{xy}}=2\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge4+2\sqrt{3}\)(Đpcm)
Dấu = khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\x^3+y^3=\sqrt{3xy}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\1-3xy=\sqrt{3xy}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\3\sqrt{xy}=\frac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\xy=\frac{6-2\sqrt{5}}{12}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+\frac{6-2\sqrt{5}}{12}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow x,y=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{\frac{2\sqrt{5}-3}{3}}}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}=\frac{x^3}{\sqrt{x^2}.\sqrt{1-x^2}}\ge\frac{x^3}{\frac{x^2+1-x^2}{2}}=2x^3\)
Tương tự
\(\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}\ge2y^3;\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{1-z^2}}\ge2z^3\)
Cộng vế theo vế
\(VT\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=2\)
