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1, n có dạng 2k+1(n\(\in N\)) Ta có:
\(n^2+4n+3=\left(2k+1\right)^2+4\left(2k+1\right)+3\)
\(=4k^2+4k+1+8k+4+3\)
\(=4k^2+12k+8\)
\(=4\left(k^2+3k+2\right)\)
\(=4\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)
vì (k+1)(k+2) là tích 2 số tự nhiên liên tiếp \(\Rightarrow\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\) chia hết cho 2
mà 4(k+1)(k+2)chia hết cho 4
\(\Rightarrow n^2+4n+3\) chia hết cho 8 với mọi n là số lẻ.
2, ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab-bc-ac\right)+3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) (vì a+b+c=0)
a+b+c=0
=>(a+b+c)3=0
=>a3+b3+c3+3a2b+3ab2+3b2c+3bc2+3a2c+3ac2+6abc=0
=>a3+b3+c3+(3a2b+3ab2+3abc)+(3b2c+3bc2+3abc)+(3a2c+3ac2+3abc)-3abc=0
=>a3+b3+c3+3ab(a+b+c)+3bc(a+b+c)+3ac(a+b+c)=3abc
Do a+b+c=0
=>a3+b3+c3=3abc(ĐPCM)
Ta có : \(a^2+3a=2\)
\(b^2+3b=2\)
=> \(\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+3\left(a-b\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+3\right)=0\)
=> a = b ( loại ) hoặc a + b = - 3 ( Thỏa mãn )
Ta có : \(a^2+3a=2\Rightarrow a^3=2a-3a^2\)
\(b^2+3b=2\Rightarrow b2b-3b^2\)
=> \(a^3+b^3=2a+2b-3\left(2-3a\right)-3\left(2-3b\right)\)
\(=11\left(a+b\right)-12=11\left(-3\right)-12=-45\)
Câu 2a
\(\left(ac+bd\right)^2+\left(ad-bc\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c^2+2abcd+b^2d^2+a^2d^2-2abcd+b^2c^2=\left(a^2+b^2\right)c^2+d^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c^2+b^2d^2+a^2d^2+b^2c^2=a^2c^2+b^2c^2+a^2d^2+b^2d^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c^2+b^2d^2+a^2d^2+b^2c^2-\left(a^2c^2+b^2d^2+a^2d^2+b^2c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=0\)( đpcm )
Câu 2b
\(\left(ac+bd\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c^2+2abcd+b^2d^2\le\left(a^2+b^2\right)c^2+d^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c^2+2abcd+b^2d^2\le a^2c^2+b^2c^2+a^2d^2+b^2d^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2abcd\le b^2c^2+a^2d^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le b^2c^2-2abcd+a^2d^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le\left(bc-ad\right)^2\)( đpcm )
Câu 4a
\(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)( đpcm )
Câu 4c
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow3a+5b\ge2\sqrt{3a.5b}=2\sqrt{15ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow12\ge2\sqrt{15ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow6\ge\sqrt{15ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow6^2\ge15ab\)
\(\Rightarrow36\ge15ab\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\le\frac{12}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{12}{5}\)
Vậy GTLN của \(P=\frac{12}{5}\)
\(a=\sqrt[3]{2-\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt[3]{2+\sqrt{3}}\)
=>\(a^3=2-\sqrt{3}+2+\sqrt{3}+3\cdot\left(\sqrt[3]{2-\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt[3]{2+\sqrt{3}}\right)\cdot\sqrt[3]{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
=>\(a^3=4+3a\)
=>\(a^3-3a=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-3=\dfrac{4}{a}\)
\(\left(a^2-3\right)^3\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{4}{a}\right)^3=\dfrac{64}{a^3}\)
\(C=\dfrac{64}{\left(a^2-3\right)^3}-3a\)
\(=64:\dfrac{64}{a^3}-3a\)
=a^3-3a
=4