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18, \(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x^2}{8}=0\Leftrightarrow4x+x^2=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4;x=0\)
19, \(4-x=2\left(x-4\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)-2\left(4-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)\left[1-2\left(4-x\right)\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)\left(-7+2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=4;x=\frac{7}{2}\)
20, \(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2x-4=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+3>0\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
21, \(x^4-16x^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=0;x=\pm4\)
22, \(\left(x-5\right)^3-x+5=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)^3-\left(x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left[\left(x-5\right)^2-1\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x-6\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=4;x=5;x=6\)
23, \(5\left(x-2\right)-x^2+4=0\Leftrightarrow5\left(x-2\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(5-x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2;x=3\)
x^2 - x - y^2 - y
= x^2 - y^2 - x - y
= ( x - y ) ( x + y ) - ( x + y )
= ( x + y ) ( x - y - 1 )
x^2 - 2xy + y^2 - z^2
= ( x- y ) ^2 - z^2
= ( x - y - z ) ( x - y + z )
23.27. \(x^2-y^2-2x+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x-1-y\right)\left(x-1+y\right)\)
23.25.
\(\left(x^2-4x\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2-10\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x\right)^2-4+\left(x-2\right)^2-6\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x-4\right)+x^2-4x+4-6\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x-10\right)\)
23.23
\(x^3-2x^2-6x+27\)
\(=\left(x^3+27\right)-2x\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9-2x\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-5x+9\right)\)
a)\(\left(-a+\frac{2}{3}\right)\left(a+\frac{2}{3}\right)=\left(\frac{2}{3}-a\right)\left(\frac{2}{3}+a\right)=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^2-a^2=\frac{4}{9}-a^2\)
b)\(\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2-5x+25\right)=x^3+5^3=x^3+125\)
c)\(\left(1-x\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=1-x^3\)
d)\(\left(a^2-2a+3\right)\left(a^2+2a+3\right)=\left(a^2+3\right)^2-\left(2a\right)^2=\left(a^2+3\right)^2-4a^2\)
e)\(\left(x+3y\right)\left(9y^2-3xy+x^2\right)=x^3+\left(3y\right)^3=x^3+9y^3\)
f)\(2\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(2x-1\right)\left(4x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(2x\right)^3-1=8x^3-1\)
Trả lời:
Bài 1:
a, \(9x^2-4=\left(3x\right)^2-2^2=\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)\)
b, \(x^3+27=x^3+3^3=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)\)
c, \(8-y^3=2^3-y^3=\left(2-y\right)\left(4+2y+y^2\right)\)
d, \(x^4-81=\left(x^2\right)^2-9^2=\left(x^2-9\right)\left(x^2+9\right)\)\(=\left(x^2-3^2\right)\left(x^2+9\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+9\right)\)
e, \(64x^3-1=\left(4x\right)^3-1^3=\left(4x-1\right)\left(16x^2+4x+1\right)\)
f, \(x^6+8y^3=\left(x^2\right)^3+\left(2y\right)^3=\left(x^2+2y\right)\left(x^4-2x^2y+4y^2\right)\)