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a, \(2Al+3S\rightarrow Al_2S_3\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2S_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2S\)
\(n_X=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\overline{M_X}=27,6\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H2}:a\left(mol\right)\\n_{H2S}:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\\frac{2a+34b}{0,15}=27,6\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,03\\b=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al2S3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\n_{S\left(pư\right)}=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Al}+m_S=27.\left(0,02+0,08\right)+32.0,12=6,54\left(g\right)\)
b,\(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow2H_2O\)
0,03__________0,03
\(H_2S+\frac{3}{2}O_2\rightarrow SO_2+H_2O\)
0,12____________012__
\(n_{KOH}=\frac{112.10\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\frac{n_{KOH}}{n_{SO2}}=1,6\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}K_2SO_3:x\left(mol\right)\\KHSO_3:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=0,2\\x+y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,08\\y=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd\left(pư\right)}=m_{SO2}+m_{H2O}+112=120,22\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K2SO3}=10,51\%\\C\%_{KHSO3}=4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c,\(n_{SO2}=\frac{3n_{Al}+4n_S}{2}=0,39\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\) Dư kiềm
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+SO_2\rightarrow CaSO_3+H_2O\)
0,39_____039______0,39___
\(\Rightarrow m_{\downarrow}=46,8\left(g\right)\)
4 ý cuối :
1)
Cu + 2H2SO4→ CuSO4+ SO2+2H2O
Cu0 →Cu+2 +2e║ x1
S+6+2e →S+4 ║ x1
2)
2Al+ 4H2SO4→ Al2(SO4)3+ S+ 4H2O
2Al0→2Al+3 +6e║x1
S+6 +6e→S0 ║x1
3)
4Zn +5H2SO4→ 4ZnSO4+ H2S+ 4H2O
Zn0\(\rightarrow\) Zn+2 +2e ║x4
S+6 +8e →S−2 ║x1
4)
8Fe+ 15H2SO4→ 4Fe2(SO4)3+3H2S+ 12H2O
2Fe0→ 2Fe+3+6e║x4
S+6 +8e →S−2 ║x3
6 ý đầu
1.\(\overset{-3}{4NH_2}+\overset{0}{5O_2}\rightarrow\overset{+2+6}{4NO}+\overset{-2}{6H_2O}\)
4 X \(||\) N-3 + 5e → N+2
5 X \(||\) 2O0 + 4e → 2O-2
2.\(\overset{-3}{4NH3}+\overset{0}{3O_2}\rightarrow\overset{0}{2N_2}+\overset{-2}{6H_2O}\)
2 X \(||\) 2N-3 + 6e → 2N0
3 X \(||\) 2O0 + 4e → 2O-2
3.\(\overset{0}{3Mg}+\overset{+5}{8NO_3}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{3Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}+\overset{+2}{2NO}+\overset{ }{4H_2O}\)
3 X \(||\) Mg0 → Mg+2 + 2e
2 X \(||\) N+5 + 3e → N+2
4.\(\overset{0}{Al}+\overset{+5}{6NO_3}\rightarrow\overset{+3}{Al\left(NO_3\right)_3}+\overset{+4}{3NO_2}+\overset{ }{3H_2O}\)
1 X \(||\) Al0 → Al+3 + 3e
3 X \(||\) N+5 + 1e → N+4
5.\(\overset{0}{Zn}+\overset{+5}{4HNO_3}\rightarrow\overset{+3}{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}+\overset{+2}{NO}+\overset{ }{2H_2O}\)
1 X \(||\) Zn0 → Mg+2 + 2e
2 X \(||\) N+5 + 3e → N+4
6.\(\overset{0}{Fe}+\overset{+5}{4HNO_3}\rightarrow\overset{+3}{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}+\overset{+2}{NO}+\overset{ }{2H_2O}\)
1 X \(||\) Fe0 → Fe+3 + 3e
1 X \(||\) N+5 + 3e → N+2
Nhường e: ( Fe2+ ----> Fe3+ + 1e ) *14
Nhận e: S+6 +2e ----> S+4 (Tỉ lệ 1:2)
2S+6 + 12e ----> 2S0
=> 3S+6 +14e -----> S+4 + 2S0
Cân bằng: 14FeO + 48H+ + 3SO42- →14Fe3+ + SO2 + 2S + 24H2O
nN2O=0,0225(mol)
bảo toàn e:
M-------->M+n
5,85/M--------(5,85.n)/M
2N+5----+8e----->N2+1
-------------0,18<----0,0225(mol)
=> (5,85n)/M=0,18
lập bảng:
ta thấy n=2 thì M=65(Zn)
Lần sau đăng chia nhỏ câu hỏi ra nhé
4.
R+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)RSO4+H2
a) Ta có
nR=nRSO4
\(\rightarrow\)\(\frac{32,88}{R}\)=\(\frac{55,92}{R+96}\)
\(\rightarrow\)\(\text{R=137}\)
\(\rightarrow\)R là Bari(Ba)
b)
nBa=\(\frac{32,88}{137}\)=0,24(mol)
\(\rightarrow\)nH2=nBa=0,24(mol)
\(\text{VH2=0,24.22,4=5,376(l)}\)
nH2SO4=nBa=0,24(mol)
CMH2SO4=\(\frac{0,24}{0,2}\)=1,2(M)
2.
M+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)MSO4+H2
nH2=\(\frac{4,48}{22,4}\)=0,2(mol)
nM=nH2=0,2(mol)
M=\(\frac{13}{0,2}\)=65(g/mol)
\(\rightarrow\)M là kẽm (Zn)
3.
M+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)MSO4+H2
nH2=\(\frac{7,84}{22,4}\)=0,35(mol)
M=\(\frac{14}{0,35}\)=40
\(\rightarrow\)M là Canxi
b)
nCaSO4=nH2=0,35(mol)
\(\text{mCaSO4=0,35.136=47,6(g)}\)
1/ a là kim loại, b là phi kim.
2/ a là nguyên tố s, b là nguyên tố p
3/ b có thể nhân 1e trong có pưhh.
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
