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Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2b+2c-a\\y=2c+2a-b\\z=2a+2b-c\end{cases}}\)
Vì a,b,c là độ dài ba cạnh của 1 tam giác nên \(x,y,z>0\)
Khi đó :
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{2y+2z-x}{9}\\b=\frac{2z+2x-y}{9}\\c=\frac{2x+2y-z}{9}\end{cases}}\)
Ta có bất đẳng thức mới theo ẩn x,y,z :
\(\frac{2y+2z-x}{9x}+\frac{2z+2x-y}{9y}+\frac{2x+2y-z}{9z}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
Ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ sau :
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\forall a,b>0\)
Thật vậy : \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2}{ab}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}-2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{ab}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)(luôn đúng \(\forall a,b>0\))
Áp dụng , ta được :
\(\frac{2}{9}.2+\frac{2}{9}.2+\frac{2}{9}.2-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{12}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{9}\ge1\)(đúng)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=4\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=4\left[a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left[a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\right]\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\)
a) \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(*) (luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM.
c) áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho hai số dương a và b , ta có:
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\text{ va }\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi <=> a = b.
P/s: bn tự làm nốt câu b) d) đi nha!
a) \(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2-2ab-2a-2b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Ta thấy \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\forall a,b\\\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall a,b\\\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall a,b\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\)luôn đúng
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(a-1\right)^2=0\\\left(b-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\a=1\\b=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=1\)
Vậy... ( bạn ko cần phải ghi dấu bằng xảy ra cũng đúng nhé )
b) Xét hieuj \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3abc-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=0\)( vì a+b+c=0 )
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\left(đpcm\right)\)
ta có :
\(\frac{a+b-c}{ab}-\frac{b+c-a}{bc}-\frac{c+a-b}{ca}=0\Leftrightarrow ac+bc-c^2-\left(ab+ac-a^2\right)-\left(bc+ab-b^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2-c^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2-c^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{a-b+c}{ca}=0\\\frac{b+c-a}{bc}=0\end{cases}}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
\(\frac{a+b-c}{ab}-\frac{b+c-a}{bc}-\frac{c+a-b}{ca}=0\)
=> \(\frac{ca+cb-c^2-ab-ac+a^2-bc-ab+b^2}{abc}=0\)
=> a2 + b2 - 2ab - c2 = 0
=> (a - b)2 - c2 = 0
<=> (a - b + c)(a - b - c) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}a-b+c=0\\a-b-c=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+c=b\\a=b+c\end{cases}}\)
Khi a + c = b => \(\frac{c+a-b}{ca}=\frac{b-b}{ca}=0\)
Khi a = b + c => \(\frac{b+c-a}{bc}=\frac{a-a}{bc}=0\)
=> đpcm
Bài làm:
Ta có:
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=(a+b-2c)2+(b+c-2a)2+(c+a-2b)2
<=> a2-2ab+b2+b2-2bc+c2+c2-2ca+a2=6a2+6b2+6c2-6(ab+bc+ca)
<=> \(4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ab-4bc-4ca=0\)
<=> \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
<=> \(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=\left(a+b-2c\right)^2+\left(b+c-2a\right)^2+\left(c+a-2b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2-4ab-4bc-4ca=\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2-4\left(b+c\right)a+4a^2-4\left(c+a\right)b+4b^2-4\left(a+b\right)c+4c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4ab-4bc-4ca=-4\left(b+c\right)a+4a^2-4\left(c+a\right)b+4b^2-4\left(a+b\right)c+4c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2+bc-\left(b+c\right)a+a^2+ca-\left(c+a\right)b+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-ac-bc+c^2+bc-ba-ca+a^2+ca-cb-ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)\)
Cho a,b,c>0.Chung minh rang \(\frac{a^2}{b+2c}+\frac{b^2}{c+2a}+\frac{c^2}{a+2b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)
Ta có:
\(\left(\frac{a^2}{b+2c}+\frac{b^2}{c+2a}+\frac{c^2}{a+2b}\right)\left[\left(b+2c\right)+\left(c+2a\right)+\left(a+2b\right)\right]\)
\(\ge\left[\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+2c}.\left(b+2\right)}+\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{c+2a}.\left(c+2a\right)}+\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+2b}.\left(a+2b\right)}\right]^2\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b+2c}+\frac{b^2}{c+2a}+\frac{c^2}{a+2b}\right)\left[3\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+2c}+\frac{b^2}{c+2a}+\frac{c^2}{a+2b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Câu 1:
a) a(a+2b)3 - b(2a+b)3 = a( a3 + 6a2b + 12ab2 + 8b2) - b
= a( a3 + 6a2b + 12ab2 + 8b3) - b( 8a3 + 12a2b + 6ab2 + b3)
= a4 + 6a3b + 12a2b2 + 8ab3 - 8a3b -12a2b2 - 6ab3 - b4
= a4 - 2a3b + 2ab3 - b4
= (a - b )(a + b)(a2 +b2) - 2ab(a - b)(a + b)
= (a - b )(a + b)(a2 +b2 -2ab)
= (a - b )3(a + b)