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Câu 1:
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{v}-\overrightarrow{u}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{u}+\frac{3}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{v}-\overrightarrow{u}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{u}+\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{v}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KA}=-\overrightarrow{AK}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{KA}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Lời giải:
Theo đề ta có: $\overrightarrow{BM}=2\overrightarrow{MC}=-2\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}(1)$
$=\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AM}=2\overrightarrow{AC}+2\overrightarrow{CM}(2)$
Lấy $(1)+(2)\Rightarrow 3\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{AC}$
$\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}$
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{MC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=3\left(\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{MB}+3\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\). Mà \(\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\) nên \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm, ta có
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\) hay \(\overrightarrow{AM}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{u}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{v}\)
= 3
=> 
)
= 
- 
nên 
= 
+ 