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Hướng dẫn :\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
Thay vào:\(x^2+2yz=x^2+yz+yz=x^2+yz-xy-zx=x\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
Tương tự thay vào mà quy đồng
Biến thì khác nhau nhưng quan trọng là cách làm :))
Vào TKHĐ của tớ để xem hình ảnh nhé, dài ngại chả muốn viết :V
Bài 1:
a) Từ đkđb:
$x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z; y+z=-x; z+x=-y$
$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\Rightarrow xbc+yac+zab=0$
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a^2x=(b+c)^2x$.
Tương tự: $b^2y=(a+c)^2y; c^2z=(a+b)^2z$
Do đó:
$a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=(b+c)^2x+(a+c)^2y+(a+b)^2z=a^2(y+z)+b^2(z+x)+c^2(x+y)+2(xbc+yac+zab)$
$=a^2(-x)+b^2(-y)+c^2(-z)+2.0=-(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z)$
$\Rightarrow 2(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$
$\Rightarrow a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$ (đpcm)
b)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x=by+cz\\ y=ax+cz\\ z=ax+by\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ax=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\\ by=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-y=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\\ cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-z=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\\ b=\frac{x+z-y}{2y}\\ c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=\frac{y+z+x}{2x}\\ b+1=\frac{x+z+y}{2y}\\ c+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=2\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
Đặt $\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x; \frac{b_2}{b_1}=y; \frac{c_2}{c_1}=z$
Khi đó bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z\neq 0$ thỏa mãn \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
CMR: $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$
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Thật vậy:
Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+yz+xz=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó: $x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=1^2-2.0=1$ (đpcm)
Vậy........
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=-yz-zx;yz=-xy-zx;zx=-xy-yz\)
Ta có: x2+2yz=x2+yz+yz=x2+yz-xy-zx=x(x-y)-z(x-y)=(x-y)(x-z)
Tương tự: \(y^2+2xz=\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right);z^2+2xy=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
A= \(\frac{yz}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{xz}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{xy}{z^2+2xy}\)=\(\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\frac{xz\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)\(=\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(x-y+y-z\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(y-z\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(xy-xz\right)\left(x-y\right)-\left(xz-yz\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}=1\)