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5 tháng 2 2023

a) 

\(2KMnO_4\xrightarrow[]{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\) (1)

\(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\) (2)

\(n_{KCl}=\dfrac{0,894}{74,5}=0,012\left(mol\right);m_B=\dfrac{0,894}{8,132\%}=11\left(g\right)\)

Gọi \(n_{O_2\left(sinh.ra\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{kk}=3a\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{N_2}=3a.80\%=2,4a\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=a+\left(3a-2,4a\right)=1,6a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_C=\dfrac{0,528}{12}=0,044\left(mol\right)\)

\(C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\) (3)

Vì hỗn hợp D gồm 3 khí và O2 chiếm 17,083%

\(\Rightarrow D:CO_2,O_{2\left(d\text{ư}\right)},N_2\)

BTNT C: \(n_{CO_2}=n_C=0,044\left(mol\right)\)

BTNT O: \(n_{O_2\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=n_{O_2\left(b\text{đ}\right)}-n_{CO_2}=1,6a-0,044\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%V_{O_2}=\%n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6a-0,044}{1,6a-0,044+0,044+2,4a}.100\%=17,083\%\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=0,048\left(mol\right)\left(TM\right)\)

ĐLBTKL: \(m_A=m_B+m_{O_2}=11+0,048.32=12,536\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT (2): \(n_{KClO_3}=n_{KCl}=0,012\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,012.122,5}{12,536}.100\%=11,63\%\\\%m_{KMnO_4}=100\%-11,63\%=88,37\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo PT (2): \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3}\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=2.\left(0,048-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,012\right)=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{KMnO_4\left(b\text{đ}\right)}=\dfrac{12,536-0,012.122,5}{158}=0,07\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,07-0,06=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{KCl}=\dfrac{74,5}{74,5}+0,012=1,012\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT (1): \(n_{K_2MnO_4}=n_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{KMnO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 

\(2KMnO_4+10KCl+8H_2SO_4\rightarrow6K_2SO_4+2MnSO_4+5Cl_2+8H_2O\) (4)

\(K_2MnO_4+4KCl+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow3K_2SO_4+MnSO_4+2Cl_2+4H_2O\) (5)

\(MnO_2+2KCl+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow MnSO_4+K_2SO_4+Cl_2+2H_2O\) (6)

\(2KCl+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{t^o}K_2SO_4+2HCl\) (7)

Theo PT (4), (5), (6): \(n_{KCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=5n_{KMnO_4\left(d\text{ư}\right)}+4n_{K_2MnO_4}+2n_{MnO_2}=0,23\left(mol\right)< 1,012\left(mol\right)=n_{KCl\left(b\text{đ}\right)}\)

`=> KCl` dư

Theo PT (4), (5), (6): \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{KCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=0,115\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{kh\text{í}}=V_{Cl_2}=0,115.22,4=2,576\left(l\right)\)