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\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=a\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Cu}=3a\left(mol\right)\)
\(232a+64.3a=21,2\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=125.14,6\%=18,25\left(g\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe3O4 + 8HCl ---> FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
0,05------>0,4------->0,05---->0,1
\(m_X=0,05.3.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=232.0,05+125=136,6\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{136,6}.100\%=4,65\%\\C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.162,5}{136,6}.100\%=11,9\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{18,25-0,4.36,5}{136,6}=2,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2
Gọi x, y là số mol củaCuO và ZnOmol HCl=3.0,1=0,3mol(100ml=0,1l)
CuO+2HCl->CuCl2+H2O (1)
xmol 2xmol
ZnO+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2O(2)
ymol 2ymol
Từ 1 và 2 ta co hệ phương trình
2x+2y=0,3 ->x=0,05=molCuO
80x+81y=12,1 ->y=0,1=molZnO
=>mCuO=0,05.80=4g
->%CuO=(4.100)/12,1=33,075%
->%ZnO=100-33,075=66,943%
b. CuO+H2SO4->CuSO4+H2O (3)
Theo ptpu 3 taco nH2SO4=nCuO=0,05 mol
ZnO+H2SO4->ZnSO4+H2O (4)
Theo ptpu 4 ta co nH2SO4=nZnO=0,1mol
=>nH2SO4=0.05+0,1=0,15mol
->mH2SO4=0,15.98=14,7g
=>mddH2SO4=(14,7.100)/20=73,5g
Bài 1
a/. Phương trình phản ứng hoá học:
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b/. nH2 = V/22,4 = 3,36/22,4 = 0,15 (mol)
....... Fe.....+ 2HCl --> Fecl2 + H2
TPT 1 mol....2 mol.................1 mol
TDB x mol....y mol................0,15 mol
nFe = x = (0,15x1)/1 = 0,15 (mol)
mFe = n x M = 0,15 x 56 = 8,4 (g)
c/. nHCl = y = (0,15x2)/1 = 0,3 (mol)
CMHCl = n/V = 0,3/0,05 = 6 (M)
\(PTHH:Na_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\\ K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\\ n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_3}+n_{K_2SO_3}=0,2\\126n_{Na_2SO_3}+158n_{K_2SO_3}=28,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2SO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%_{m_{Na_2SO_3}}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot126}{28,4}\cdot100\%\approx44\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{m_{K_2SO_3}}=100\%-44\%=56\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,1\cdot2+0,1\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{200}\cdot100\%=7,3\%CC\)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,25\cdot56=14\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{FeSO_4}=0,25mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,25\cdot152=38\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25\cdot98}{10\%}=245\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{Cu}-m_{H_2}=258,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{38}{258,5}\cdot100\%\approx14,7\%\)
pthh : Fe +H2SO4 → FeSO4 +H2
theo bài ra số mol của h2 =0,15 (mol)
theo pt : nFe=nH2=0,15 (mol)
mFe=0,15 .56 =8,4 (g) ⇒mCu=20-8,4=11,6 (g)
a) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow CuO+H_2O\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe(OH)3 và Cu(OH)2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}107x+98y=20,5\\160.\dfrac{x}{2}+80y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x= 0,1 ; y=0,1
=> \(\%m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.107}{20,5}.100=52,2\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=47,8\%\)
b) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.\dfrac{3}{2}+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=20,5+122,5=143\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.400}{143}.100=13,97\%\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{143}.100=11,19\%\)
c) \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05.3+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=122,5.110\%=134,75\left(g\right)\)