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Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=60\\p=e\\p+e-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n=40\\p=e\\p+e-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=20\\n=20\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=z=20\\n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=z+n=20+20=40\left(u\right)\)
\(KHNT:^{40}_{20}Ca\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Z+N=60\\2Z-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Z=20\\N=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=Z+N=20+20=40u\)
Kí hiệu nguyên tử \(^{40}_{20}X\)
a) Ta có: p=e=15
KHNT: \(^{31}_{15}P\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+n=35\\n-p=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=18\\p=17\end{matrix}\right.\)
KHNT: \(^{35}_{17}Cl\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}e=15\\p=e\\p+n=31\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=15\\n=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
KHNT: \(^{31}_{15}P\)
d) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=19\\n-p=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=19\\n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
KHNT: \(^{39}_{19}K\)
e) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=58\\p=e\\n-e=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=18\\n=22\end{matrix}\right.\)
KHNT: \(^{40}_{18}Ca\)
f) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=115\\p=e\\p+e-n=25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=45\\p=e=35\end{matrix}\right.\)
KHNT: \(^{80}_{35}Br\)
g) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=46\\p=e\\n=\dfrac{8}{15}\left(p+e\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=15\\n=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
KHNT: \(^{31}_{15}P\)
h) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=180\\p=e\\\dfrac{n}{p+e}=\dfrac{37}{53}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=74\\p=e=53\end{matrix}\right.\)
KHNT: \(^{127}_{53}I\)
2.
a,Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=28\\p=e\\n=p+1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=9\\n=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(A=p+n=9+10=19\left(đvC\right)\)
c, Đây là flo (F)