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a, \(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{4}{4+2,8+118,2}.100\%=3,2\%\)
\(C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{2,8}{4+2,8+118,2}.100\%=2,24\%\)
b, \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,125}=0,8\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,125}=0,4\left(M\right)\)
\(a,C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{28}{140}.100\%=20\%\\ b,C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{80}{80+320}.100\%=20\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=1\cdot0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\\ a,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m=m_{MgO}=0,1\cdot40=4\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{250}\cdot100\%=2,92\%\)
\(n_{H_2O}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,1\cdot18=1,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=4+250-1,8=252,2\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{252,2}\cdot100\%\approx3,77\%\)
1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol
=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)
nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)
Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2
=> %Mg = 57,14%
=> %Al = 42,86%
nH2=13,44/22,4=0,6(mol)
Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)
1) PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2
a__________a________a_____a(mol)
2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
b___1,5b______0,5b____1,5b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=12,6\\a+1,5b=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,3.24=7,2(g)
=>%mMg= (7,2/12,6).100=57,143%
=>%mAl=42,857%
2) mMgSO4=120.a=120.0,3=36(g)
mAl2(SO4)3=342.0,5b=342.0,5.0,2= 34,2(g)
mH2SO4= (0,3+0,2.1,5).98=58,8(g)
=>mddH2SO4=58,8: 14,7%=400(g)
=>mddsau= 12,6+400 - 2.0,6= 411,4(g)
=>C%ddAl2(SO4)3= (34,2/411,4).100=8,313%
C%ddMgSO4=(36/411,4).100=8,751%
Câu 1 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{8.4}{24}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.35.......0.7.........0.35..........0.35\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.7\cdot36.5}{146}\cdot100\%=17.5\%\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=8.4+146-0.35\cdot2=153.7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0.35\cdot95}{153.7}\cdot100\%=21.6\%\)
Câu 2 :
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{114.1\cdot8\%}{36.5}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(1................2\)
\(0.1.............0.25\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.25}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=10+114.1-0.1\cdot44=119.7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0.25-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{119.7}\cdot100\%=1.52\%\)
\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot111}{119.7}\cdot100\%=18.54\%\)
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.200}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\a, ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\\ b,Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\\ \Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=98.0,3=29,4\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{ZnO}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=8,1+200=208,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{29,4}{208,1}.100\approx14,128\%\\ C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{208,1}.100\approx7,737\%\)
ZnO+H2SO4->ZnSO4+H2O
0,1-----0,1-------0,1-------0,1 mol
n ZnO=\(\dfrac{8,1}{81}\)=0,1 mol
m H2SO4 =39,2g =>n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{39,2}{98}\)=0,4 mol
=>H2SO4 , dư 0,3 mol
=>m H2SO4=0,3.98=29,4g
=>C%H2SO4 dư=\(\dfrac{29,4}{200+0,1.18}\).100=14,568%
=>C% ZnSO4=\(\dfrac{0,1.161}{200+0,1.18}.100=7,9781\%\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{M\left(Na_2CO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
Ta có: \(C\%=\dfrac{C_M.M}{10.D}\)
\(\rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{0,5.106}{10.1,05}=5,05\%\)
