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a) PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
x___________3x______________1,5x(mol)
Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y___2y____y______y(mol)
b) Ta có: m(rắn)= mCu=0,4(g)
=> m(Al, Fe)=1,5-mCu=1,5-0,4=1,1(g)
nH2= 0,04(mol)
Ta lập hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=1,1\\1,5x+y=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mAl=27.0,02=0,54(g)
mFe=56.0,01=0,56(g)
a) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow CuO+H_2O\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe(OH)3 và Cu(OH)2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}107x+98y=20,5\\160.\dfrac{x}{2}+80y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x= 0,1 ; y=0,1
=> \(\%m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.107}{20,5}.100=52,2\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=47,8\%\)
b) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.\dfrac{3}{2}+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=20,5+122,5=143\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.400}{143}.100=13,97\%\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{143}.100=11,19\%\)
c) \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05.3+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=122,5.110\%=134,75\left(g\right)\)
a)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
Fe2O3 + 6HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
MgCl2 + 2KOH + 2KCl + Mg(OH)2
FeCl3 + 3KOH --> 3KCl + Fe(OH)3
Mg(OH)2 --to--> MgO + H2O
2Fe(OH)3 --to--> Fe2O3 + 3H2O
b) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe2O3 là a, b (mol)
Theo PTHH: \(a=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=a=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(chất.rắn.sau.khi.nung\right)}=\dfrac{22-0,15.40}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(bđ\right)}=n_{Fe_2O_3\left(chất.rắn.sau.khi.nung\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> b = 0,1 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{0,15.24+0,1.160}.100\%=18,37\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{0,15.24+0,1.160}.100\%=81,63\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
0,15 0,15
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,15\cdot100=15\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaO}=20,6-15=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{15\cdot100}{20,6}\approx73\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CaO}=100\%-73\%=27\%\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 160x + 80y = 16 (1)
\(n_{HCl}=0,55.1=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT H, có: nHCl = 2nH2O + 2nH2 ⇒ nH2O = 0,25 (mol)
BTNT O, có: 3nFe2O3 + nCuO = nH2O ⇒ 3x + y = 0,25 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,05.160}{16}.100\%=50\%\\\%m_{CuO}=50\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dd Y gồm: FeCl3: 0,1 (mol) và CuCl2: 0,1 (mol)
Dd Z gồm: FeCl2 và ZnCl2
Chất rắn T gồm: Cu, Fe
BTNT Cu: nCu = nCuCl2 = 0,1 (mol)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{4,5}{90}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT Fe, có: nFeCl2 = 0,05 (mol) ⇒ nFe = 0,1 - 0,05 = 0,05 (mol)
BT e, có: 2nZn = 2nH2 + 2nCu + 3nFe + 2nFeCl2
⇒ nZn = 0,25 (mol)
⇒ m = 0,25.65 = 16,25 (g)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6\%.450}{36,5}=1,8\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{1,8}{6}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\\ \Rightarrow HCldư\\ a.n_{FeCl_3}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{FeCl_3}=162,5.0,4=65\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1,8-6.0,2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\\ c.m_{ddsau}=32+450=482\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{21,9}{482}.100\approx4,544\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_3}=\dfrac{65}{482}.100\approx13,485\%\)
\(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{14,6.450}{100}=65,7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{65,7}{36,5}=1,8\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O|\)
1 6 2 3
0,2 1,8 0,4
a) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{1,8}{6}\)
⇒ Fe2O3 phản ứng hết , HCl dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của Fe2O3
\(n_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{FeCl3}=0,4.162,5=65\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1,8-\left(0,2.6\right)=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{ddspu}=32+450=482\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{65.100}{482}=13,48\)0/0
\(C_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{21,9.100}{482}=4,54\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(2FeCl_3+Cu\rightarrow CuCl_2+2FeCl_2\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=2\cdot\dfrac{16}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{32}{64}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Cu còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuCl_2}=0,1\cdot135=13,5\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)