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The battle of Dien Bien Phu ended the Indochina War. Today Dien Bien Phu is a tourist destination. Many visitors are battle veterans or members of their families. As well as visiting the battle site, tourists can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Muong Thanh Valley, visit the neighboring villages, and share the hospitality of the local people. Most of the people who live in the area are members of the Thai or H’Mong ethnic minorities. However, they do not depend on tourism alone to live. As Dien Bien Phu is only 30 kilometers from the Laos’ border, it is an important trading center. Food leaves here for Laos and Thailand and goods arrive for the northern provinces of Viet Nam. 1.Who visits Dien Bien Phu?
Many visitors .
2.Do tourists come to Dien Bien Phu only to visit the battle site?
No , they don't
3.Why is DBP an important trading center?
As Dien Bien Phu is only 30 kilometers from the Laos’ border
4.Do people in DBP depend on tourism or on trading to live?
No , they don't
Computers play an important role in our everyday lives, sometimes without us even realizing it. Consider the use (1)of computers in both shops and offices. Big shops especially chain stores with branches all over the country, have to deal with very large amounts of information. They have to make (2)sure that there are enough goods on the selves for customers to buy; they need to be (3)able to re-order befora stocks (4)run out, to decide which things are selling well and (5)go on. All these processes (6)are performed quickly and afficiently by computers. A (7)lot of offices work in the past involved information on paper. (8)Once it had been dealt with by people, the paper was put (9)aside for future reference. This way of working was (10)not particularly easy or fast. A computerized system is much more efficient.
Give the correct form of the given words to complete the sentences
1 Vesak Day is a religious festival for those who follow Buddhism ( religion )
2 I think it is a good choice in this circumstance ( choose)
3 We are having an interview with Mr.Phong , one of the Elephant Race organnizers ( organise)
4. The Carnival of Rio de Janeiro is a very.............fascinated............... festival ( fascinate )
5 Thanksgiving is a..........seasonal...........festival held in the USA and some other countries ( season)
6 We have become regular.........attendents..............at Da Lat Flower Festival ( attend)
7 There are a lot of cultural and........artistic...............activities held as part of this festival ( art)
8 Tet holiday is the most important..............celebration.................for Vietnamese people ( celebrate )
9 Hoi Mua Festival is held by people of ethnic..........minority.................in Phu Yen Province ( minor )
10 It is very...........joyful............... to participate in Songkran Water Festival ( joy)
1 Vesak Day is a religious festival for those who follow Buddhism ( religion )
2 I think it is a good choice in this circumstance ( choose)
3 We are having an interview with Mr.Phong , one of the Elephant Race organnizers ( organise)
4. The Carnival of Rio de Janeiro is a very.............fascinated............... festival ( fascinate )
5 Thanksgiving is a..........seasonal...........festival held in the USA and some other countries ( season)
6 We have become regular.........attendents..............at Da Lat Flower Festival ( attend)
7 There are a lot of cultural and........artistic...............activities held as part of this festival ( art)
8 Tet holiday is the most important..............celebration.................for Vietnamese people ( celebrate )
9 Hoi Mua Festival is held by people of ethnic..........minority.................in Phu Yen Province ( minor )
10 It is very...........joyful............... to participate in Songkran Water Festival ( joy)
1. Gong culture can be found in ___________. A. Kon Tum B. Kon Tum and Gia Lai C. Central Highlands D. highlands in Viet Nam
2. It is though that the gong sounds can help us _____________. A. have a relation with the gods B. enjoy ourselves C. communicate with nature D. harvest crops
3. All of the following statements are true except that ___________.
A. the matter whether males or females play gongs depends on the ethnic groups B. the diameter of gongs can be varied C. a set of gongs is not more than 10 units D. the gongs are made of bronze
4. Gongs are believed to have a sacred power because ___________. A. the gong is older than a god B. a god will make gongs more powerful C. the statement was made D. they are associated to all events in one’s life
5. The word “inauguration” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______. A. building B. finding C. sale D. opening
The space of gong culture in Central Highlands of Viet Nam covers 5 provinces of Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong. The masters of gong culture are the ethnic groups of Ba Na, Xo Dang, M’Nong, Co Ho, Ro Mam, E De, Giarai… The gong performances are always closely tied to community cultural rituals and ceremonies of
the ethnic groups in Central Highlands. Many researchers have classified gongs as ceremonial musical instrument and the gong sounds as a means to communicate with deities and gods.
The gongs are made of bronze. Their diameter is from 20 cm to 60cm or from 90cm to 120cm. A set of gongs consists of 2 to 12 or 13 units and even to 18 or 20 units in some places.
In most of the ethnic groups, namely Giarai, Ede Kpah, Ba Na, Xo Dang, Brau, Co Ho, etc., only males are allowed to play gongs. However, in others such as Ma and M’Nong groups, both males and females can play gongs. Few ethnic groups (for example, E de Bih), gongs are performed by women only.
As for the majority of ethnic groups in Central Highlands, gongs are musical instruments of sacred power. It is believed that every gong is the settlement of a god who gets more powerful as the gong is older. Therefore, gongs are associated to all events in one’s life, such as the inauguration of new houses, funerals, buffalo sacrifice, new harvest, ceremony to pray for people’s and cattle’s health, ceremony to see off soldiers to the front, and the victory celebration.
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse