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a/(b+c) + b/(a+c) + c/(a+b) = a^2/(ab+ac) + b^2/(ba+bc) + c^2/(ac+bc) >=
(a+b+c)^2/(2.(ab+bc+ac) (buhihacopxki dạng phân thức)
>= (3.(ab+bc+ac)/(2(ab+bc+ac) =3/2
a^2/(b^2+c^2) + b^2/(a^2+c^2) + c^2/(a^2+b^2) >= (a+b+c)^2/(2.(a^2+b^2+c^2) (buhihacopxki dạng phân thức)
>= 3(a^2+b^2+c^2) / 2(a^2+b^2+c^2) >=3/2
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{2a-b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2b-a-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2c-a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b+a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-a+b-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a+c-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-a}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right]+\left(a-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]+\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\)
ta có: a,b,c là 3 số dương bất kì nên ta giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow a+c\ge b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+c\right)\ge2\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\ge0\)
Mà \(a\ge b\Rightarrow a-b\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right]\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:
\(\left(a-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế (1);(2);(3) \(\Rightarrow\) luôn đúng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Điều kiện đã cho có thể được viết lại thành \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{d+a}=2\)
hay \(1-\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+1-\dfrac{c}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{d}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2+bc-ab-b^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d^2+da-cd-d^2}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-a\right)\left[\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}\) (do \(c\ne a\))
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(cd+ca+d^2+da\right)=d\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bcd+abc+bd^2+abd=abd+acd+b^2d+bcd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+bd^2-acd-b^2d=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(b-d\right)-bd\left(b-d\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac=bd\) (do \(b\ne d\))
Do đó \(A=abcd=ac.ac=\left(ac\right)^2\), mà \(a,c\inℕ^∗\) nên A là SCP (đpcm)
thử bài bất :D
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)
Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:
\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )
Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D
Xét hiệu VT - VP
\(\dfrac{a+b}{bc+a^2}+\dfrac{b+c}{ab+b^2}+\dfrac{c+a}{ab+c^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{a^2+ab-bc-a^2}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2+bc-ac-b^2}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+ac-ab-c^2}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)
Do a,b,c bình đẳng nên giả sử a\(\ge\)b\(\ge\)c, khi đó \(b\left(a-c\right)\)\(\ge\)0, c(b-a)\(\le\)0, a(c-b)\(\le\)0
\(a^3\ge b^3\ge c^3=>abc+a^3\ge abc+b^3\ge abc+c^3\)=>\(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}\le\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\)
=> VT -VP \(\le\) \(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{ab-ac}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{ac-ab}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)
mà \(\dfrac{1}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\) nên VT-VP <0 đpcm
Đề bài này ko đúng
Phản ví dụ: \(a=100,b=c=1\) thì \(VT>50>4\)
vâng ạ