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\(2x^2+10y^2-6xy-6x-2y+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6xy+9y^2+x^2-6x+9+y^2-2y+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3y=0\\x-3=0\\y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(A=\dfrac{\left(x+y-4\right)^{2018}-y^{2018}}{x}=\dfrac{0^{2018}-1^{2018}}{3}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
+ x+y=2 ta có bảng
x | 0 | 1 | 2 |
y | 2 | 1 | 0 |
+khi x=0, y=2 ta có BPT 04 + 24 >= 2
+ khi x= 1, y=1 ta có BPT 14 + 14 >=2
+ khi x = 2, y=0 ta có BPT 24 + 04 >=2
Nên x4 + y4 >=2
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(x^4+y^4\ge x^3y+xy^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-x^3y+y^4-xy^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-y\right)-y^3\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^3-y^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng
Ta có bất đẳng thức $a^2+b^2 \geq \dfrac{(a+b)^2}{2}
$⇔2.(a^2+b^2) \geq (a+b)^2$
$⇔(a-b)^2 \geq 0$ (đúng)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức trên cho $\dfrac{x}{y}$ và $\dfrac{y}{x}$ có:
$\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2} $
$\geq \dfrac{(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})^2}{2}$
Hay $2.\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2} \geq (\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})^2$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy (Cô-si) có:
$\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x} \geq 2.\sqrt[]{\dfrac{x}{y}.\dfrac{y}{x}}=2$
Nên $(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}).(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}) \geq 2.(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})$
Hay $ (\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})^2 \geq 2.(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})$
Suy ra $2.\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2} \geq 2.(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})$
Hay $\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2} \geq (\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})(đpcm)$
Dấu $=$ xảy ra $⇔x=y$
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+zx\)
=> \(2x^2+2y^2+2x^2=2xy+2yz+2zx\)
=> \(2x^2+2y^2+2x^2-2xy-2yz-2zx=0\)
=> \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
=> x -y =0 ; y - z=0 ; z - x=0
=> x =y; y =z; z=x
=> x=y=z
a) Ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2=4ab\)<=> \(a^2+b^2+2ab=4ab\)
<=> \(a^2-2ab+b^2=0\)
<=> \(\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)=> a=b (đpcm)
b) Ta có: \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
<=> \(a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+2axby+b^2y^2\)
<=> \(a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2axby=0\)
<=>\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
<=>ay=bx(đpcm)
\(x-y=1\Rightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2=1\Rightarrow x^2+xy+y^2=19\Rightarrow x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=1.19=19\)
\(2,a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2ab+2bc+2ca\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0ma:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=4a^2b^2+4b^2c^2+4c^2a^2+4abc\left(a+b+c\right)=4a^2b^2+4c^2a^2+4b^2c^2\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\left(dpcm\right)\)