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Gọi \(\overrightarrow{1a}=\left(x;\frac{1}{x}\right);\overrightarrow{b}=\left(y;\frac{1}{y}\right);\overrightarrow{c}=\left(z;\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{c}\right|\)
\(\ge\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}\right|=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{1^2+\frac{9^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{1+81}=\sqrt{82}\)
Áp dụng BDT MInkopki
VT\(\ge\)\(\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
BDT minkopki
\(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}+\sqrt{e^2+f^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c+e\right)^2+\left(b+d+f\right)^2}\)
Ta có :
\(\left(1.x+9.\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+9^2\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+\frac{9}{y}\right)\)
tương tự : \(\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}.\left(y+\frac{9}{z}\right)\); \(\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}.\left(z+\frac{9}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+y+z+\frac{9}{x}+\frac{9}{y}+\frac{9}{z}\right)\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+y+z+\frac{81}{x+y+z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left[\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x+y+z}\right)+\frac{80}{x+y+z}\right]\ge\sqrt{82}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Mincopxki và AM - GM ta có :
\(P=\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{9}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\frac{80}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\sqrt[2]{\left(x+y+z\right)^2.\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+80}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{2+80}=\sqrt{82}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\)
Áp dụng Bđt MIncopxki ta có:
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\frac{80}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{2+80}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Theo giả thiết xy + yz + zx = 1 nên ta có: \(VT=\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{1+y^2}+\frac{1}{1+z^2}=\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^2\le\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right)=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^3\le\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)Ta cần chứng minh: \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)
hay \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối đúng theo AM - GM do: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}.\frac{y}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}.\frac{z}{z+y}}\le\frac{\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Đặt \(J=\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\) với \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\x+y+z\le1\end{cases}}\left(i\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(B.C.S\) cho hai bộ số thực không âm gồm có \(\left(x^2;\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\) và \(\left(1^2+9^2\right),\) ta có:
\(\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\left(1^2+9^2\right)\ge\left(x+\frac{9}{x}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+\frac{9}{x}\right)\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Đơn giản thiết lập hai bất đẳng thức còn lại theo vòng hoán vị \(y\rightarrow z\) , ta cũng có:
\(\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(y+\frac{9}{y}\right)\) \(\left(2\right);\) \(\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(z+\frac{9}{z}\right)\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(2\right);\) và \(\left(3\right)\) , suy ra:
\(J\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+y+z+\frac{9}{x}+\frac{9}{y}+\frac{9}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(K=x+y+z+\frac{9}{x}+\frac{9}{y}+\frac{9}{z}\)
\(=\left(9x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(9y+\frac{1}{y}\right)+\left(9z+\frac{1}{z}\right)+8\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)-8\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Khi đó, áp dụng bđt Cauchy đối với từng ba biểu thức đầu tiên, tiếp tục với bđt Cauchy-Swarz dạng Engel cho biểu thức thứ tư, chú ý rằng điều kiện đã cho \(\left(i\right)\) , ta có:
\(K\ge2\sqrt{9x.\frac{1}{x}}+2\sqrt{9y.\frac{1}{y}}+2\sqrt{9z.\frac{1}{z}}+\frac{72}{x+y+z}-8\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=6+6+6+72-8=82\)
Do đó, \(K\ge82\)
Suy ra \(J\ge\frac{82}{\sqrt{82}}=\sqrt{82}\) (đpcm)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\left(1.x+9.\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+9^2\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+\frac{9}{y}\right)\)
\(TT:\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+\frac{9}{z}\right);\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(z+\frac{9}{x}\right)\)
\(S\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+y+z+\frac{9}{x}+\frac{9}{y}+\frac{9}{z}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+y+z+\frac{81}{x+y+z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left[\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x+y+z}\right)+\frac{80}{x+y+z}\right]\ge\sqrt{82}\)