Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có
\(x^2-xy+y^2\ge x^2+y^2-\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}=\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{x^2-xy+y^2}\le\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x^2+y^2}\le\frac{2\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=1
Lời giải:
Giả sử $x>0; y< 0$. Khi đó:
\((xy-x^2)\sqrt{\frac{-y}{x}}=(y-x)x\sqrt{\frac{-y}{x}}=(y-x)\sqrt{-xy}\)
\((xy-y^2)\sqrt{\frac{-x}{y}}=(x-y)y\sqrt{\frac{-x}{y}}=(y-x)(-y)\sqrt{\frac{-x}{y}}=(y-x)\sqrt{(-y)^2.\frac{-x}{y}}=(y-x)\sqrt{-xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow (xy-x^2)\sqrt{\frac{-y}{x}}=(xy-y^2)\sqrt{\frac{-x}{y}}\Rightarrow \frac{xy-x^2}{\sqrt{\frac{-x}{y}}}=\frac{xy-y^2}{\sqrt{\frac{-y}{x}}}\) (đpcm)
x với y trái dấu thoi chứ ko phải số này bằng đối số kia đâu bạn
Dễ dàng chứng minh được:
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\) với \(a,b,c>0\)(1)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
Theo đề bài, vì x, y, z > 0 nên áp dụng (1), ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\)(2)
Vì x y, z > 0 nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)(3)
Chứng mih tương tự, ta được;
\(y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz}\)(4);
\(z+x\ge2\sqrt{zx}\)(5)
Từ (3), (4), (5), ta được:
\(2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Mà theo đề bài, \(x+y+z\ge3\) nên:
\(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(6\right)\)
Từ (2) và (6), ta được:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(điều phải chứng minh)
Dấu bằng xảy ra
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1}\)
Vậy nếu x, y, z > 0 và \(x+y+z\ge3\)thì \(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có \(1+x^2=x^2+xy+yz+xz=\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT <=>
\(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+...\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\right)^3\)
<=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}\right)^3\)
<=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\right)^3\)(1)
Xét \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
<=> \(9\left[xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\right]\ge8\left(xy\left(x+y\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+3xyz\right)\)
<=> \(xy\left(y+x\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\ge6xyz\)
<=> \(x\left(y-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2+y\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng
Khi đó (1) <=>
\(\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}.\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+....\right)^3\)
<=> \(\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\)
Áp dụng buniacopxki cho vế phải ta có
\(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(3-xy-yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=> BĐT được CM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
a) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{x+y}{2}\ge\sqrt{xy}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}.\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si dạng Engel,ta có :
\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}\)
Mà \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\le x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}\)
Xét \(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\sqrt{yz}\le\frac{y+z}{2}\\\sqrt{xz}\le\frac{x+z}{2}\\\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{x+y}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{y+z}{2}+\frac{x+z}{2}+\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\le x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\le2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{yz}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{yz}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Vì \(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Vì x;y trái dấu => 2 trường hợp
TH1 y < 0 ; x > 0
TH2 x < 0 ; y > 0
Xét TH1 ta có : \(\frac{xy-x^2}{\sqrt{\frac{-x}{y}}}=\frac{-x\left(x-y\right)}{\sqrt{-\frac{x}{y}}}=\frac{-x\left(x-y\right)}{\sqrt{-\frac{1}{y}}.\sqrt{x}}=\frac{-\left(x-y\right)\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{-\frac{1}{y}}}=-\left(x-y\right)\left(\sqrt{x.\left(-y\right)}\right)\) ;
\(\frac{xy-y^2}{\sqrt{-\frac{y}{x}}}=\frac{y\left(x-y\right)}{\sqrt{-y}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}}}=\frac{-\left(-y\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\sqrt{-y}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}}}=-\left(x-y\right)\left(\sqrt{x\left(-y\right)}\right)\)
=> ĐPCM
Xét TH2 ta được \(\frac{xy-x^2}{\sqrt{-\frac{x}{y}}}=\frac{-x\left(x-y\right)}{\sqrt{-x}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{y}}}=\left(x-y\right)\left(\sqrt{-xy}\right)\)
\(\frac{xy-y^2}{\sqrt{\frac{-y}{x}}}=\frac{y\left(x-y\right)}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{-x}}.\sqrt{y}}=\sqrt{-xy}\left(x-y\right)\)
=> ĐPCM