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\(\Sigma\frac{x^3}{y^2}=\Sigma\frac{x}{y^2}\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{\Sigma z\left(x^3-yz^2\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\Sigma\frac{x^2}{y}\ge\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\)
vì x+y+z=1nên
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\)\(\frac{x+y+z}{x}+\frac{x+y+z}{y}+\frac{x+y+z}{z}\)\(=3+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\)=\(3+\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{yz}+\frac{x^2+z^2}{xz}\)
nen \(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{yz}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) =\(\left(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2}{4xy}\right)+\left(\frac{yz}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{4yz}\right)+\left(\frac{xz}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{x^2+z^2}{xz}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2.1}{2}+\frac{2.1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\)(dpcm)
dau = xay ra khi x=y=z=1/3
Ta có \(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y+z}+x+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+y+\frac{z^2}{x+y}+z\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}+x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+1\right)+y\left(\frac{y}{x+z}+1\right)+z\left(\frac{z}{x+y}+1\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(\frac{x+y+z}{y+z}\right)+y\left(\frac{y+x+z}{x+z}\right)+z\left(\frac{z+x+y}{x+y}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) (Theo BĐT Nesbitt )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Trước hết ta chứng minh bổ đề sau đây: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge\frac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\). Đặt P = VT - VP.
(đây là phân tích của một người khác, không phải của em)
Do đó \(VT=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge\frac{9\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{27}{\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2.\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\frac{27}{\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
P/s: Em không chắc lắm!
Theo giả thiết: \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\)
Theo BĐT Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức, ta có:
\(VT=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}=\frac{x^2}{xy}+\frac{y^2}{yz}+\frac{z^2}{zx}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xy+yz+zx}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3}\)
Đến đây, ta cần chỉ ra rằng \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)(*)
Ta có: \(xy+yz+zx>0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge x^2+y^2+z^2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z>\sqrt{3}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t>\sqrt{3}\). Khi đó (*) trở thành \(\frac{2t^2}{t^2-3}\ge\frac{9}{t}\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t-3\right)^2\left(2t+3\right)}{t\left(t^2-3\right)}\ge0\)(đúng với mọi \(t>\sqrt{3}\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(t=3\)hay x = y = z = 1
\(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}=x-\frac{xy^2}{x^2+y^2}\ge x-\frac{xy^2}{2xy}=x-\frac{y}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}\ge y-\frac{z}{2}\) ; \(\frac{z^3}{z^2+x^2}\ge z-\frac{x}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
+\(x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3\)
+\(3+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{3+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}}\ge\frac{1}{1+3}=\frac{1}{4}\)
+\(A=\frac{x^2}{y+2z}+\frac{y^2}{z+2x}+\frac{z^2}{x+2y}=\frac{x^4}{x^2y+2zx^2}+\frac{y^4}{y^2z+2xy^2}+\frac{z^4}{z^2x+2yz^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+2\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x=x.xy+y.yz+z.zx\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}.\sqrt{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2}\)
\(\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}.\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}}=3\)
(áp dụng \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\))
Tương tự: \(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\frac{3^2}{3+2.3}=1\)
\(VT=A+B\ge1+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{5}{4}=VP\)
Ta có : \(\frac{x}{x^2-yz+2010}+\frac{y}{y^2-xz+2010}+\frac{z}{z^2-xy+2010}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2010x}+\frac{y^2}{y^3-xyz+2010y}+\frac{z^2}{z^3-xyz+2010z}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2010\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3+3xy^2+3x^2y+3x^2z+3xz^2+3y^2z+3yz^2}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
Theo GT : \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=3\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\)
\(\frac{x^3}{x^2+z}=\frac{x\left(x^2+z\right)}{x^2+z}-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}=x-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}\ge x-\frac{xz}{2x\sqrt{z}}=x-\frac{\sqrt{z}}{2}\)
Tương tự , ta có : \(\frac{y^3}{y^2+x}\ge y-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{2}\) ; \(\frac{z^3}{z^2+y}\ge z-\frac{\sqrt{y}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{x^2+z}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+z}+\frac{z^3}{z^2+y}\ge x+y+z-\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}{2}\)
Vì x ; y ; z dương , áp dụng BĐT Cô - si , ta có :
\(x+1\ge2\sqrt{x};y+1\ge2\sqrt{y};z+1\ge2\sqrt{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+3\ge2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\) => BĐT được c/m
Tiếp tục AD BĐT Cô - si , ta có :
\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz}}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{9}{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}}=\frac{9}{3}=3\) => BĐT được c/m
Có : \(\frac{x^3}{x^2+z}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+x}+\frac{z^3}{z^2+y}\ge x+y+z-\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}{2}\ge x+y+z-\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}=\frac{3x+3y+3z-3}{2}\ge\frac{3.3-3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy ...
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+1+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+1+\frac{z^2}{x^2}+1\ge2\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+\frac{z^2}{x^2}+3\ge\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz}{xyz}}=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+\frac{z^2}{x^2}\ge\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\)