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\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=a\Rightarrow0< a\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2-\dfrac{2x}{y}+2}{\dfrac{x}{y}+1}=\dfrac{a^2-2a+2}{a+1}=\dfrac{4a^2-8a+8}{4\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4a^2-13a+3+5\left(a+1\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{\left(1-4a\right)\left(3-a\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{y}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{y}.\dfrac{4}{x+z}=\dfrac{4}{y\left(x+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{\dfrac{\left(y+x+z\right)^2}{4}}=4\)
\(P_{min}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}=\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}=\dfrac{3\left(2x+y\right)}{16}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}+\dfrac{5}{16}\left(2x+y\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{16}.3}+\dfrac{5}{16}.2\sqrt{2xy}=\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{11}{4}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = 1; y = 2.
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}=\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\)
\(M=\dfrac{3\left(2x+y\right)}{16}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}+\dfrac{5\left(2x+y\right)}{16}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9\left(2x+y\right)}{16\left(2x+y\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{16}.2\sqrt{2xy}=\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)
Ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y}{xx}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}=\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{3}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\right)+\dfrac{5}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}\)
Có: \(\dfrac{3}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}\dfrac{3}{2x+y}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\)
Có: \(\dfrac{5}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}\ge\dfrac{5}{8}\sqrt{2xy}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow2x=y,xy=2\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=1,y=2\)
Vậy GTNN của M là \(\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1,y=2\)
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(P=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2y}{x}+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}{1+\dfrac{y}{x}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=a\ge4\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a+1}=2a-4+\dfrac{5}{a+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a+1}{5}+\dfrac{5}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{5}.a-\dfrac{21}{5}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(a+1\right)}{5\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{5}.4-\dfrac{21}{5}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=4\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
Nguyễn Việt Lâm Giáo viên làm thế nào để có thể nghĩ được ra như vậy?