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Áp dụng BĐT sau: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\). Lại có \(\frac{1}{b+c}\le\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{4c}\right);\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{2c}\right)\)
Cộng 3 BĐT trên theo vế, ta được:
\(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Thay \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=4\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le1\)(đpcm).
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}.\)
Cân bằng hệ số:
Giả sư: \(2a^2+ab+2b^2=x\left(a+b\right)^2+y\left(a-b\right)^2\) (ta đi tìm x ; y)
\(=xa^2+x.2ab+xb^2+ya^2-y.2ab+yb^2\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)a^2+2\left(x-y\right)ab+\left(x+y\right)b^2\)
Đồng nhất hệ số ta được: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=2\\2\left(x-y\right)=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}2x+2y=4\\2x-2y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow4x=5\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{4}\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{3}{4}\)
Do vậy: \(2a^2+ab+2b^2=\frac{5}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Tương tự với hai BĐT còn lại,thay vào,thu gọn và đặt thừa số chung,ta được:
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}.2.\left(a+b+c\right)=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}.2.3=3\sqrt{5}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b =c = 1
CM BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)\)
ÁP dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{16}4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{16}\cdot4\cdot4=1\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi a = b= c = 3/4
\(0\le a,b,c\le1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}a-1\le0\\b-1\le0\\c-1\le0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2-a\le0\\b^2-b\le0\\c^2-c\le0\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a^2-a\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\\\left(b^2-b\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\\\left(c^2-c\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2b\ge a^2+ab-a\\b^2c\ge b^2+bc-b\\c^2a\ge c^2+ca-c\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\) (1)
Và \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\\\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\\\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ab\ge a+b-1\\bc\ge b+c-1\\ca\ge c+a-1\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(ab+bc+ca\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)-3\) (2)
(1), (2) \(\Rightarrow\)\(3+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Lại có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\le1\\b\le1\\c\le1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2\le a\\b^2\le b\\c^2\le c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^3\le a^2\\b^3\le b^2\\c^3\le c^2\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(3+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\ge2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=2a^3+2b^3+2c^3\) ( đpcm )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=1;b=1;c=0\) và các hoán vị
Phùng Minh Quân ơi câu trả lời của bạn dài quá. Bạn có thể trả lời ngắn hơn mà.
\(\dfrac{ab}{6+2b+c}=\dfrac{ab}{a+b+c+2b+c}=\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{2b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{bc}{6+2c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{2c}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{6+2a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{2a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ac+bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
\(\text{Đ/k}\Rightarrow a\ge a^2;\text{ }b\ge b^2;\text{ }c\ge c^2\)
\(VP\ge1+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\)
Có: \(\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+1\ge a^2b^2c^2+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\ge a^4+b^4+c^4\)