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PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot4,9\%}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Cả 2 chất p/ứ hết
b+c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\cdot161=16,1\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Zn}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=206,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{206,3}\cdot100\%\approx7,8\%\)
a, \(n_K=\dfrac{3,9}{39}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2K + 2H2O ---> 2KOH + H2
0,1---------------->0,1----->0,05
\(m_{ct}=m_{KOH}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=m_K+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=96,2+3,9-0,05.2=100\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{5,6}{100}.100\%=5,6\%\\ b,m_{dd}=100+50=150\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{5,6}{150}.100\%=3,37\%\)
c, Gọi \(m_{H_2O}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{5,6}{100+a}.100\%=2,8\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=100\left(g\right)\)
d, Gọi \(m_{KOH}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{5,6+a}{100+a}.100\%=22,4\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=21,65\left(g\right)\)
mNaOH=100.5%=5g
Gọi mddNaOH thêm =x(g)
=>mNaOH=0,2x
Tổng mNaOH=0,2x+5
Tổng mdd=x+100
=>0,2x+5=(x+100)0,1
=>0,1x=5=>x=50g
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
0,1---->0,1------->0,1---->0,1
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
b) mdd sau pư = 2,4 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 202,2 (g)
mMgSO4 = 0,1.120 = 12 (g)
\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{12}{202,2}.100\%=5,9\%\)
c)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo H2
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,05<-----0,05
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
0,1--->0,1---------->0,1-------->0,1
\(m_{dd\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=2,4+200-0,2.2=202,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{202,2}.100\%=5,93\%\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 0,25 > 0,1 => CuO dư
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)
Gọi: mBa(OH)2 thêm vào = a (g)
Ta có: \(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(bđ\right)}=800.5\%=40\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+40}{a+800}=0,12\)
\(\Rightarrow a\approx63,64\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4
0,1------------->0,1
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=242.10\%=24,2\left(g\right)\)
mH2SO4(sau pư) = 24,2 + 0,1.98 = 34 (g)
mdd sau pư = 8 + 242 = 250 (g)
\(C\%_{dd.H_2SO_4.sau.pư}=\dfrac{34}{250}.100\%=13,6\%\)
\(m_{NaCl}=\dfrac{400.10}{100}=40\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaCl\left(m\right)}=200+400=600\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{40}{600}.100\%=6,67\left(\%\right)\)
Bài 6: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.10}{100}=20\left(g\right)\)
4) Vì khối lượng chất tan không đổi nên ta có công thức sau:
C%1.mdd1=C%2.mdd2
-> 50%.10=C%2.100
-> C%2=50%.10:100=5(%)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=9.8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9.8}{98}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{Ba\left(1\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
\(0.1........0.1.........0.1.........0.1\)
\(Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(a..................a........a\)
\(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=171a\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=m_{Ba}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}-m_{BaSO_4}=\left(0.1+a\right)\cdot137+200-23.3-\left(0.1+a\right)\cdot2=190.2+136.8a\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%Ba\left(OH\right)_2=\dfrac{171a}{190.2+136.8a}\cdot100\%=2.51\%\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=0.028\)
\(m_{Ba}=\left(0.1+0.028\right)\cdot137=17.536\left(g\right)\)
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