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a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,15.152=22,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Chất rắn thu được sau pư gồm Cu và CuO dư.
⇒ m chất rắn = mCu + mCuO (dư) = 0,15.64 + 0,15.80 = 21,6 (g)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Mol : 0,4 0,4 0,6
\(m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,4=53,4\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,8}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{1}\)
=> CuO dư
\(n_{CuO\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\
m_{CuO\left(d\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).80=16\left(g\right)\\
m_{Cu}=0,6.64=38,4\left(g\right)\\
m_{cr}=16+38,4=54,4\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(1\right):n_{H_2}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ m_{MgSO_4}=0,1.120=12\left(g\right)\\ b,PTHH:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(2\right):n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,4.1=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,4 0,2
\(m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\
n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
=> CuO dư
\(n_{CuO\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
X=\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO\left(d\right)}=\left(0,25-0,2\right).80=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.=4+12,8=16,8\left(g\right)\)
nMg = 6/24 = 0,25 (mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
nH2 = 0,25 (mol(
VH2 = 0,25 . 24,79 = 6,1975 (l)
CuO + H2 -> (t°) Cu + H2O
nCu = 0,25 (mol)
mCu = 0,25 . 64 = 16 (g)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y y
b, Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27.100\%}{11}=49,09\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,09\%=50,91\%\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2 dư
PTHH: CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(m_{Al}=a\left(g\right)\left(0< a< 11\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Fe}=11-a\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{a}{27}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11-a}{56}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{27}\) \(\dfrac{a}{18}\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\) \(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\)
\(\rightarrow pt:\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{11-a}{56}=0,4\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Al}=a=5,4\left(g\right)\left(TM\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{11}=49,1\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,1\%=50,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
LTL: \(0,2< 0,4\rightarrow\) H2 dư
\(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
a, Ta có:
nZn = 13/65= 0,2(mol)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
0,2-----------------------------------0,2
Theo PT : nZnSO4 = 0,2.1/1 = 0,2(mol)
mZnSO4 = 0,2. 161 = 32,2(g)
b, Ta có:
Theo PT : nH2 = 0,2.1/1 = 0,2(mol)
VH2(đktc) = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48(l)
CuO+H2-to>Cu+H2O
0,2-----0,2
=>m Cu=0,2.64=12,8g
Cậu ơi cho tớ hỏi ngu tý là cái mà "0,2---------0,2" là ntn vậy ạ :"))?
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,3 0,3 0,3
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,3.95=28,5g\\
V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\\
n_{CuO}=\dfrac{3}{80}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,0375}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{1}\)
=>Hidro dư
\(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\\
m_{Cu}=0,0375.64=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{3,25}{65}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
a) \(V_{H_2}=n.24,79=0,05.24,79=1,2395\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=n.M=0,05.\left(65+35,5.2\right)=6,8\left(g\right)\)
b) \(PTHH:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Ta cos tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\Rightarrow\) CuO dư.
Theo ptr, ta có: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,05mol\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=n.M=0,05.64=3,2\left(g\right).\)
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,25}{65}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
THeo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05.24,79=1,2395\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,05.136=6,8\left(g\right)\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,05.64=3,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.5\cdot2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(..........1.........\dfrac{1}{3}.......0.5\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.5\cdot22.4=11.2\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot133.5=44.5\left(g\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(0.5.....0.5\)
\(m_{CuO}=0.5\cdot80=40\left(g\right)\)