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Đk: \(\forall x\in R\)
Ta có:\(\sqrt{x^2+1-2x}+\sqrt{x^2+4x+4}=\sqrt{1+2020^2+\frac{2020^2}{2021^2}}+\frac{2020}{2021}\)
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)^2}=\sqrt{1+2020^2+2.2020+\frac{2020^2}{2021^2}-2.2020}+\frac{2020}{2021}\)
<=> \(\left|x-1\right|+\left|x+2\right|=\sqrt{\left(1+2020\right)^2+\frac{2020^2}{2021^2}-2.2020}+\frac{2020}{2021}\)
<=> \(\left|x-1\right|+\left|x+2\right|=\sqrt{\left(2021-\frac{2020}{2021}\right)^2}+\frac{2020}{2021}\)
<=> \(\left|x-1\right|+\left|x+2\right|=\frac{2021^2-2020}{2021}+\frac{2020}{2021}\)
<=> \(\left|x-1\right|+\left|x+2\right|=2021\)
Lập bảng xét dầu
x -2 1
x - 1 - | - 0 +
x + 2 - 0 + | -
Xét các TH xảy ra :
TH1: x \(\le\)-2 => pt trở thành: 1 - x - x - 2 = 2021
<=> -2x = 2022 <=> x = -1011 (tm)
TH2: \(-2< x\le1\) => pt trở thành: 1 - x + x + 2 = 2021
<=> 0x = 2018 (vô lí) => pt vô nghiệm
TH3: \(x>1\) => pt trở thành: x - 1 + x + 2 = 2021
<=> 2x = 2020 <=> x = 1010 (tm)
Vậy S = {-1011; 1010}
ĐKXĐ: \(2019\le x\le2020\)
\(VT=\sqrt{x-2019}+\sqrt{2021-x}\le\sqrt{2\left(x-2019+2021-x\right)}=2\)
\(VP=\left(x-2020\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2019=2021-x\\x-2020=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=2020\)
ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>2019\\y>2020\\z>2021\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2019}=a,......\)
Ta được PT : \(\dfrac{1-a}{a^2}+\dfrac{1-b}{b^2}+\dfrac{1-c}{c^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}-\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
- Thấy : \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0,......\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
- Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=2\\c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Thay lại a. b. c ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2019}=2\\\sqrt{y-2020}=2\\\sqrt{z-2021}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2019=4\\y-2020=4\\z-2021=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2023\\y=2024\\z=2025\end{matrix}\right.\) ( TM )
Vậy ...
Đặt \(2020-x=u;x-2021=v\)thì \(u+v=-1\)
Phương trình trở thành \(\frac{u^2+uv+v^2}{u^2-uv+v^2}=\frac{19}{49}\Leftrightarrow30u^2+30v^2+68uv=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow15\left(u+v\right)^2+4uv=0\Leftrightarrow4uv=-15\Leftrightarrow uv=\frac{-15}{4}\)
hay \(\left(2020-x\right)\left(x-2021\right)=-\frac{15}{4}\Leftrightarrow x^2-4041x+4082416,25=0\)
Dùng công thức nghiệm tìm được x = 2022, 5 hoặc x = 2018, 5