Đk: x \(\ne\)0

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{3}{x^2+2}+\frac{5}{x^2+4}+\frac{7}{x^2+6}+\frac{9}{x^2+8}+\frac{11}{x^2+10}=6\)

<=> \(1-\frac{x^2-1}{x^2}+1-\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+2}+1-\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+4}+1-\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+6}+1-\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+8}+1-\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+10}=6\)

<=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^2+2}+\frac{1}{x^2+4}+\frac{1}{x^2+6}+\frac{1}{x^2+8}+\frac{1}{x^2+10}\right)=0\)

<=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)(vì \(\frac{1}{x^2}+...+\frac{1}{x^2+10}>0\))

<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-1\end{cases}}\)(tm)

vậy S = {1; -1}

Ta có : \(n^3\left(n^2-7\right)^2-36n\)

\(=n[\left(n^3-7n\right)^2-36]\)

\(=n\left(n^3-7n-6\right)\left(n^3-7n+6\right)\)

\(=n[\left(n-3\right)\left(n^2+3n+2\right)][\left(n+3\right)\left(n^2-3n+2\right)]\)

\(=n\left(n-3\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(n-2\right)\)

là tích của 7 số nguyên liên tiếp 

\(\Rightarrow n\left(n-3\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(n-2\right)⋮7\)

hay \(n^3\left(n^2-7\right)^2-36n⋮7\forall n\inℤ\)

Ta có: A = 20ⁿ + 16ⁿ - 3ⁿ - 1

Do n chẵn => n = 2k

Khi đó: A = 20^2k + 16^2k - 3^2k - 1

A = (20^2k - 1) + (256^k - 9^k) 

Do 20^2k - 1 \(⋮\)(20 - 1) = 19

 256^k - 9^k \(⋮\)(256 - 9) = 247 \(⋮\)19

=> A \(⋮\)19 (1)

Mặt khác, ta lại có: 

A = 20^2k + 16^2k - 3^2k - 1 = (20^2k - 3^2k) + (256^k - 1)

Do 20^2k - 3^2k \(⋮\)(20 - 3) = 17

256^k - 1 \(⋮\)(256 - 1)= 255 \(⋮\)17

=> A  \(⋮\)17 (2)

Mà (17; 19) = 1 => A \(⋮\)17.19 = 323 (đpcm)

Vì n chẵn 

Đặt n = 2k (k \(\inℕ\))

Khi đó A = 20ⁿ + 16ⁿ - 3ⁿ - 1

= 20^2k + 16^2k - 3^2k - 1 

= 400^k + 256^k - 9^k - 1

= (400^k - 1) + (256^k - 9^k)

= (400 - 1)(400^{k - 1} + 400^{k - 2} + ... + 1) + (256 - 9)(256^{k - 1} + 256^{k - 2}.9 + ... + 9^{k - 1})

= 399(400^{k - 1} + 400^{k - 2} + ... + 1) + 247(256^{k - 1} + 256^{k - 2}.9 + ... + 9^{k - 1})

= 19.21.(400^{k - 1} + 400^{k - 2} + ... + 1) + 19.13(256^{k - 1} + 256^{k - 2}.9 + ... + 9^{k - 1})

= 19.(21.(400^{k - 1} + 400^{k - 2} + ... + 1) + 13(256^{k - 1} + 256^{k - 2}.9 + ... + 9^{k - 1})) \(⋮\)19 (1)

Lại có A = 400^k + 256^k - 9^k - 1 

= (400^k - 9^k) + (256^k - 1)

= (400 - 9)(400^{k - 1} + 400^{k - 2}.9 + .... + 9^{k - 1}) + (256 - 1)(256^{k - 1} + 256^{k - 2} + .... + 1)

= 391(400^{k - 1} + 400^{k - 2}.9 + .... + 9^{k - 1}) + 255(256^{k - 1} + 256^{k - 2} + .... + 1)

= 17.23(400^{k - 1} + 400^{k - 2}.9 + .... + 9^{k - 1}) + 17.15(256^{k - 1} + 256^{k - 2} + .... + 1)

= 17.(23(400^{k - 1} + 400^{k - 2}.9 + .... + 9^{k - 1}) + 15(256^{k - 1} + 256^{k - 2} + .... + 1)) \(⋮\)17 (2)

Lại có ƯCLN(17;19) = 1 (3)

Từ (1)(2)(3) => A \(⋮17.19=323\)(ĐPCM)

Đặt: n⁴ + 2n³ + 2n²+ n + 7 = k² (k \(\in\)N)

<=> (n² + n)² + (n² + n) + 7 = k²

<=> 4(n² + n)² + 4(n² + n) + 28 = 4k²

<=> 4k² - (2n² + 2n + 1)² = 27

<=> (2k - 2n² - 2n - 1)(2k + 2n² + 2n + 1) = 27

Do 2k + 2n² + 2n + 1 > 2k - 2n² - 2n - 1

Lập bảng

 (tự tính)