Cho x, y, z > 0 và x+ y + z = 1. Chứng minh: x + 2y + z \(\ge\)4(1-x)(1-y)(1-z)
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\(4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(1-y\right)\le\left(x+2y+z\right)^2\left(1-y\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(x+2y+z+1-y\right)^2=x+2y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=z=\frac{1}{2}\\y=0\end{cases}}\)
+) Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 4 số dương x; x; y; z ta có:
\(x+x+y+z\ge4\sqrt[4]{x.x.y.z}\)
=> 2x + y + z \(\ge4\sqrt[4]{x.x.y.z}\) (1)
Với 4 số dương \(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\) ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}}\) (2)
Từ (1)(2) => \(\left(2x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge4.\sqrt[4]{x.x.y.z}4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}}=16\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) (*)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) (**)
\(\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\right)\) (***)
Từ (*)(**)(***) => Vế trái \(\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{x}+\frac{4}{y}+\frac{4}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{4}.4=1\)
=> đpcm
+) Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 4 số dương x; x; y; z ta có:
x+x+y+z≥44√x.x.y.z
=> 2x + y + z ≥44√x.x.y.z (1)
Với 4 số dương 1x ;1x ;1y ;1z ta có: 1x +1x +1y +1z ≥4.4√1x .1x .1y .1z (2)
Từ (1)(2) => (2x+y+z)(1x +1x +1y +1z )≥4.4√x.x.y.z4.4√1x .1x .1y .1z =16
=> 12x+y+z ≤116 .(2x +1y +1z ) (*)
Tương tự, ta có: 1x+2y+z ≤116 .(1x +2y +1z ) (**)
1x+y+2z ≤116 .(1x +1y +2z ) (***)
Từ (*)(**)(***) => Vế trái ≤116 (4x +4y +4z )=14 .(1x +1y +1z )=14 .4=1
=> đpcm
Ghi chú: Này, mình mới lớp 6, nên giải chưa biết chắc là đúng hay sai nên lỡ có sai thì bạn đừng trách mình nhé!
Đặt \(A=\frac{x}{y\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{y}{z\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{z}{x\left(y+1\right)}\le\frac{9}{4}\)(Sửa đề)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)với a,b dương và x + y + z = 1,ta có:
\(\frac{4}{y\left(z+1\right)}=\frac{4}{y\left(z+x+y+z\right)}=\frac{4}{y\left(\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)\right)}\le\frac{4}{y}\left(\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{z+y}\right)\)
Nhân hai vế với số dương xy, ta được:
\(\frac{4xy}{y\left(z+1\right)}\le\frac{4xy}{y}\left(\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{z+y}\right)\). Do đó:
\(4A=\frac{4xy}{y\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{4yz}{z\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{4zx}{x\left(y+1\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{4xy}{y}\left(\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{z+y}\right)+\frac{4yz}{z}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)+\frac{4zx}{x}\left(\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(=4x\left(\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{z+y}\right)+4y\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)+4z\left(\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{4x}{z+x}+\frac{4x}{z+y}+\frac{4y}{x+y}+\frac{4y}{x+z}+\frac{4z}{y+z}+\frac{4z}{y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow4A\le\frac{4x+4y}{z+x}+\frac{4y+4z}{z+y}+\frac{4z+4x}{x+y}=x+y+z=9\)
Do : \(4A\le9\)nên \(A< \frac{9}{4}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=a\\y+z=b\\x+z=c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+b+c=2\)
\(bdt\Leftrightarrow a+b\ge4abc\)
Ta có: \(4VT=4\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge4c\left(a+b\right)^2\ge16abc=4VP\)
Vậy bđt đc cm
Áp dụng công thức \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\left(x,y>0\right)\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{2y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{2z}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)( với x , y > 0 )
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right);\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\)
Suy ra :
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tường tự ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{2y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{2z}\right)\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1) , (2) và (3)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Bài 2:
a) Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}\) \(\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4^2ab}}=\dfrac{2}{4\sqrt{ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}\) (Đpcm)
b) Trừ 1 vào từng vế của BĐT ta được BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(\frac{x}{2x+y+z}-1\right)+\left(\frac{y}{x+2y+z}-1\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x+y+2z}-1\right)\le\frac{-9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\le-\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{2x+y+z+x+2y+z+x+y+2z}=\dfrac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\) (Đpcm)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a-1+b-1}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b-2}\)
Nên cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b-2}\ge8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge8\left(a+b-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge8a+8b-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-4\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng
Với a, b, c > 0 ta có BĐT sau
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\) (*)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Theo BĐT (*), nếu thay \(a=x;b=y;c=z\) thì
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Theo BĐT (*), nếu thay \(a=x^2;b=y^2;c=z^2\) thì
\(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{27}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=z\\x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Shwarz, ta có:
\(\left(1+1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\left(1+1+1\right)\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{1}{27}\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\text{Cho:}x^2+y^2+z^2=1\text{.Chứng minh rằng:}\frac{x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{y^3}{z+2x}+\frac{z^3}{z+2y}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\text{Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2 số dương, ta có:}\)
\(\frac{9x^3}{y+2z}+x\left(y+2z\right)\ge6x^2;\frac{9y^3}{z+2x}+y\left(z+2x\right)\ge6y^2;\frac{9z^3}{x+2y}+z\left(x+2y\right)\ge6z^3\)
\(\text{Lại có:}\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\text{Do đó:}\frac{9x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{9y^3}{z+2x}+\frac{9z^3}{x+2y}+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge6\left(x^2+y^2+x^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{9y^3}{z+2x}+\frac{9z^3}{x+2y}\ge6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{y^3}{z+2x}+\frac{z^3}{x+2y}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\text{Dấu "=" xảy ra }\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
cho minh hoi phan bat dang thuc cosi la ban dung cong thuc the nao ak
nx \(4\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)=4\left(y+z\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\)
ap dung bdt \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) ta co \(4\left(y+z\right)\left(1-z\right)\left(1-y\right)\le\left(y+z+1-z\right)^2\left(1-y\right)=\left(y+1\right)^2\left(1-y\right)\) \(=\left(y+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(1-y\right)=\left(y+1\right)\left(1-y^2\right)\le y+1\) =\(y+x+y+z=x+2y+z\left(dpcm\right)\)