Cho tỉ lệ thức a/b=c/d, chứng minh:
a) a+3b/b=c+3d/d
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Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{bk-b}{dk-d}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{2a-3b}{2c-3d}=\dfrac{2bk-3b}{2dk-3d}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{2a-3b}{2c-3d}\)
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(a;b;c;d\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5a}{5c}=\dfrac{3b}{3d}=\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}=\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b.k\\c=d.k\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a-3b}=\frac{b.k}{2b.k-3b}=\frac{b.k}{\left(2k-3\right)b}=\frac{k}{2k-3}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{2c-3d}=\frac{d.k}{2d.k-3a}=\frac{d.k}{\left(2k-3\right)d}=\frac{k}{2k-3}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a-3b}=\frac{c}{2c-3d}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{3b}{3d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{3b}{3d}=\frac{2a-3b}{2c-3d}=\frac{2a+3b}{2c+3d}\)(đpcm)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{2a+3b}{2a-3b}=\dfrac{2bk+3b}{2bk-3b}=\dfrac{b\left(2k+3\right)}{b\left(2k-3\right)}=\dfrac{2k+3}{2k-3}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{2c+3d}{2c-3d}=\dfrac{2dk+3d}{2dk-3d}=\dfrac{d\left(2k+3\right)}{d\left(2k-3\right)}=\dfrac{2k+3}{2k-3}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\dfrac{2a+3b}{2a-3b}=\dfrac{2c+3d}{2c-3b}\left(=\dfrac{2k+3}{2k-3}\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số băng nhau,ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=>\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{3b}{3d}=>\dfrac{2a+3b}{2c+3d}=\dfrac{2a-3d}{2c-3d}=>\dfrac{2a+3b}{2a-3b}=\dfrac{2c+3d}{2c-3d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Có \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4a-3b}{a}=\frac{4bk-3b}{bk}=\frac{b\left(4k-3\right)}{bk}=\frac{4k-3}{k}\left(1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4c-3d}{c}=\frac{4dk-3d}{dk}=\frac{d\left(4k-3\right)}{dk}=\frac{4k-3}{k}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\frac{4a-3b}{a}=\frac{4c-3d}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
đề bài sai r
\(\dfrac{a+3b}{b}=\dfrac{c+3d}{d}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+3=\dfrac{c}{d}+3\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(gt\right)\)