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a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư
Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O|\)
1 6 2 3
0,2 1,2 0,4
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe2O3}=27,2-11,2=16\left(g\right)\)
0/0Fe = \(\dfrac{11,2.100}{27,2}=41,18\)0/0
0/0Fe2O3 = \(\dfrac{16.100}{27,2}=58,82\)0/0
b) Có : \(m_{Fe2O3}=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+1,2=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{1,2.2}{6}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{FeCl2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{FeCl3}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,8}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6.5}{65}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.1.................................0.1\)
\(Đặt:n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Cu+H_2O\)
\(x............x\)
\(m_{cr}=6-80x+64x=5.2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0.05\)
\(H\%=\dfrac{0.05}{0.075}\cdot100\%=66.67\%\)
a. 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b. nAl = \(\dfrac{8.1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)=> \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,3=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,45.22,4=10,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{8}{160}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\\ n_{FeCl_3}=2.0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,m=m_{FeCl_3}=162,5.0,1=16,25\left(g\right)\\b,m_{ddFeCl_3}=8+500=508\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_3}=\dfrac{16,25}{508}.100\approx 3,199\%\)