Cho dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\frac{a}{2013}\)\(=\)\(\frac{b}{2015}\)\(=\)\(\frac{c}{2017}\)
Chứng minh: \(\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}\)\(=\)\(\left(a-b\right)\times\left(b-c\right)\)
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Ta có : \(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{16}=\left(\frac{a-b}{-2}\right).\left(\frac{b-c}{-2}\right)=\frac{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)}{4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)\)
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau,ta có:
\(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{a-b}{2009-2011}=\frac{a-b}{-2}\)
\(\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{b-c}{2011-2013}=\frac{b-c}{-2}\)
\(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{a-c}{2009-2013}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
=> \(\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
=> \(\frac{a-b}{-2}.\frac{b-c}{-2}=\left(\frac{a-c}{4}\right)^2\)
=> \(\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{4}\)
=> \(\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{16}=\left(\frac{a-b}{-2}\right).\left(\frac{b-c}{-2}\right)=\frac{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)}{4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)\)
đặt a/2003=b/2005=c/2007=t
=>a=2003t;b=2005t;c=2007t
ta có:\(VT=\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(2003t-2007t\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(-4t\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(-4\right)^2.t^2}{4}=\frac{16.t^2}{4}=\frac{4.4.t^2}{4}=4t^2\) (1)
\(VP=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=\left(2003t-2005t\right)\left(2005t-2007t\right)=\left(-2\right).t.\left(-2\right).t=\left[\left(-2\right).\left(-2\right)\right].t^2=4t^2\left(2\right)\)
từ (1);(2) ta có VT=VP=>đpcm
Đặt:
\(\dfrac{a}{2015}=\dfrac{b}{2016}=\dfrac{c}{2017}=k\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2015k\\b=2016k\\c=2017k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nên \(4\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=4\left(2015k-2016k\right)\left(2016k-2017k\right)=4.\left(-k\right).\left(-k\right)=4k^2\)\(\left(c-a\right)^2=\left(2017k-2015k\right)^2=4k^2\)
Ta c dpcm
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{2015}=\dfrac{b}{2016}=\dfrac{c}{2017}\)= k
\(\Rightarrow\) a = 2015 . k
b = 2016 . k
c = 2017 . k
\(\Rightarrow\) 4( a - b ) . ( b - c) = 4( 2015.k - 2016.k) .( 2016.k - 2017.k )
= 4( -k) (-k) = 4k2 (1)
( c - a)2 =( 2017.k -2015.k)2= (2k)2= 4k2(2)
Từ (1) và ( 2) \(\Rightarrow\)4( a - b).( b - c ) = (c - a )2
\(\frac{a}{2013}=\frac{b}{2015}=\frac{c}{2017}=\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a-b}{-2}\right)x\left(\frac{b-c}{-2}\right)=\left(\frac{a-c}{-4}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)x\left(b-c\right)}{4}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)x\left(b-c\right)=\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}\) (dpcm)