Hòa tan hoàn toàn 6,2 gam natri oxit vào nước. a) Viết PTHH. b) Tính khối lượng bazơ thu được.
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\(a,PTHH:Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2\cdot\dfrac{37,2}{62}=0,6\cdot2=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{1,2}{0,5}=2,4M\\ b,PTHH:2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6\cdot98=58,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{58,8\cdot100\%}{20\%}=294\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd}=\dfrac{294}{1,14}\approx257,9\left(ml\right)\)
a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2 0,1
\(\Rightarrow m_{Na}=0,2.23=4,6\left(g\right)\)
b,\(m_{NaOH}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
a) 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
b) \(n_P=\dfrac{24,8}{31}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
0,8--------------->0,4
=> mP2O5 = 0,4.142 = 56,8 (g)
c)
PTHH: P2O5 + 3H2O --> 2H3PO4
0,4--------------->0,8
=> mH3PO4 = 0,8.98 = 78,4 (g)
Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2↑
b. Ta có: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{97,8}{18}=5,43\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{5,43}{2}\)
=> H2O dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Na}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(lít\right)\)
c. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{NaOH}}=2,3+97,8=100,1\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{NaOH}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{4}{100,1}.100\%=3,996\%\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{100}=0,2mol\)
\(CaCO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}CaO+CO_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,2
\(m_{CaO}=0,2\cdot56=11,2g\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
\(CaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot74=14,8g\)
PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
a_____2a_______a_______a (mol)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b_____6b_______2b_______3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40a+102b=18,2\\2a+6b=\dfrac{182,5\cdot20\%}{36,5}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{18,2}\cdot100\%\approx43,96\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=56,04\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{AlCl_3}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,2\cdot95=19\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{18,2+182,5}\cdot100\%\approx9,47\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{182,5+18,2}\cdot100\%\approx13,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) mHCl=182,5. 20%=36,5(g) -> nHCl=1(mol)
Đặt nMgO=a(mol); nAl2O3=b(mol)
PTHH: MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
a__________2a______a(mol)
Al2O3 + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O
b_______6b______2b(mol)
b) Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40a+102b=18,2\\2a+6b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMgO=0,2.40=8(g)
=>%mMgO=(8/18,2).100=43,956%
=> %mAl2O3= 56,044%
c) m(muối)= mAlCl3 + mMgCl2= 133,5.2b+ 95.a= 133,5.0,1.2+95.0,2= 45,7(g)
d) mAlCl3= 26,7(g) ; mMgCl2 = 19(g)
mddsau= 18,2+ 182,5= 200,7(g)
=>C%ddAlCl3=(26,7/200,7).100=13,303%
C%ddMgCl2=(19/200,7).100=9,467%
PTHH: \(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
a) \(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{23,5}{94}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{K_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KOH}=0,5.56=28\left(g\right)\)
b) \(C_{M_{ddKOH}}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,4}=1,25M\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{3,45}{23}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
0,15 0,15 0,15 0,075
a. \(m_{H_2O}=0,15.18=2,7\left(g\right)\)
b. \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
0,075 0,075
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,075}{2}< \dfrac{0,05}{1}\)
=> Lượng \(H_2\) sinh ra không đủ để pứ với 1,6 g \(O_2\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,075.18=1,35\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{3,45}{23}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2
0,15---------------->0,15---->0,075
=> \(m_{\text{dd}NaOH}=\dfrac{0,15.40}{10\%}=60\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{\text{dd}NaOH}=m_{Na}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}\)
=> \(m=m_{H_2O}=60-3,45+0,075.2=56,7\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2H_2+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,075}{2}< \dfrac{0,05}{1}\Rightarrow O_2\) dư, H2 không đủ để đốt cháy hết
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{s\text{ản}.ph\text{ẩm}}=m_{H_2O}=0,075.18=1,35\left(g\right)\)
a, \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 80x + 160y = 32 (1)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuCl_2}=n_{Cu}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=2y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 135x + 325y = 59,5 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}+6n_{Fe_2O_3}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{0,5}=2\left(l\right)\)
nNa2O = 6,2 : 62 = 0,1 (mol)
pthh : Na2O + H2O-t--> 2NaOH
0,1 -------------------> 0,2 (mol)
=> mNaOH = 0,2 . 40 = 8 (g)