Question

[Năm jyu]

cho S=1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+....+ 9.10.11 chứng minh 4S + 1 luôn là số chính phương

Answer 1

[Đoàn Đức Hà]

\(S=1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+...+9.10.11\)

\(4S=1.2.3.4+2.3.4.\left(5-1\right)+3.4.5.\left(6-2\right)+...+9.10.11.\left(12-8\right)\)

\(=1.2.3.4+2.3.4.5-1.2.3.4+3.4.5.6-2.3.4.5+...+9.10.11.12-8.9.10.11\)

\(=9.10.11.12\)

\(4S+1=9.10.11.12+1=\left(9.12\right).\left(10.11\right)+1=108.110+1\)

\(=\left(109-1\right)\left(109+1\right)+1=109^2-1+1=109^2\)

Ta có đpcm. 

Answer 2

[Nguyễn Nam Dương]

Ta có \(k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\cdot4\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left[\left(k+3\right)-\left(k-1\right)\right]\\ =\dfrac{1}{4}k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(k-1\right)k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)

Từ đó ta được \(S=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot4-\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot0\cdot1\cdot2\cdot3+...+\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot9\cdot10\cdot11\cdot12-\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot8\cdot9\cdot10\cdot11\\ \Leftrightarrow S=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot9\cdot10\cdot11\cdot12\\ \Leftrightarrow4S+1=9\cdot10\cdot11\cdot12+1=11881=109^2\left(đpcm\right)\)