Cho x,y,z,t dương và x+y+z+t=1. Tìm GTNN của biểu thức: \(B=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right).\left(x+y\right)}{xyzt}\)
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\(B\ge\dfrac{4\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)^2zt}=\dfrac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)zt}\ge\dfrac{16\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2t}\)
\(B\ge\dfrac{16}{\left(x+y+z\right)t}\ge\dfrac{64}{\left(x+y+z+t\right)^4}=64\)
\(B_{min}=64\) khi \(\left(x;y;z;t\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{8};\dfrac{1}{8};\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
a) x+y+z=1
⇔[(x+y)+z]2=1
Áp dụng BĐT cô si cho 2 số ta có
(a+b)+c ≥ 2\(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)c}\)
⇔[(a+b)+c)]2 \(\ge4\left(a+b\right)c\)
⇔1 ≥ 4(a+b)c
nhân cả 2 vế cho số dương \(\dfrac{x+y}{xyz}\) được
\(\dfrac{x+y}{xyz}\ge\dfrac{4\left(x+y\right)^2c}{xyz}\)
⇔\(\dfrac{x+y}{xyz}\ge\dfrac{4z.4xy}{xyz}=16\)
Min A =16 khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=z\\x=y\\x+z+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{4};z=\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
Ta có : \(2=\left[\left(x+y+z\right)+t\right]\ge4t\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge2t\left(x+y+z\right)\) (1)
Lại có : \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\left[\left(x+y\right)+z\right]^2\ge4z\left(x+y\right)\) (2)
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\) (3)
Nhân (1) , (2) , (3) theo vế được :
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge16xyzt\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\ge16xyzt\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyzt}\ge16\)
Suy ra Min B = 16 \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x+y+z=t\\x+y=z\\x=y\\x+y+z+t=2\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=y=\frac{1}{4}\\z=\frac{1}{2}\\t=1\end{cases}\)
bạn Ngọc ơi! cho mình hỏi vì sao bạn có được hàng đầu tiên vậy? Nó liên kết với hàng 3 như thế nào? Hàng 1 không bình phương nhưng sao lại vẫn có được như hàng 3?
Lời giải:
\(4P=\frac{4(x+y+z)(x+y)}{xyzt}=\frac{(x+y+z+t)^2(x+y+z)(x+y)}{xyzt}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(4P\geq \frac{4t(x+y+z)(x+y+z)(x+y)}{xyzt}\Leftrightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2(x+y)}{xyz}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng AM-GM:
\(P\geq \frac{4z(x+y)(x+y)}{xyz}=\frac{4(x+y)^2}{xy}\geq \frac{4.4xy}{xy}=16\)
Vậy GTNN của $P$ là $16$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x+y+z=t; x+y=z; x=y$ hay $t=1; z=\frac{1}{2}; x=y=\frac{1}{4}$
Ta có:
\(4A=\frac{\left(x+y+z+t\right)^2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xyzt}\)
\(\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)t\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xyzt}\)
\(=\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\ge\frac{16\left(x+y\right)z\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{16\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\ge\frac{64xy}{xy}=64\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge16\)
Đấu = xảy ra khi \(t=2z=4x=4y=1\)
x;y;z;t >0 áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương ta có :
=\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)
=\(\left(x+y\right)+z\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)z}\)
=\(\left(x+y+z\right)+t\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)t}\)
nhân các vế tương ứng ta có:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y+z+t\right)\ge8\sqrt{xyzt\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
mà x+y+z+t=2
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)2\ge8\sqrt{xyzt\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=\(\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge4\sqrt{xyzt}\)
=\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\ge16xyzt\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyzt}\ge\frac{16xyzt}{xyzt}=16\)
vậy minB=16 khi\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x+y=z\\x+y+z=t\end{cases}};x+y+z+t=2\Rightarrow x=y=0.25;z=0.5;t=1\)
Bài 1
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)
\(M=\dfrac{x+12-15}{x}+\dfrac{y+12-15}{y}+\dfrac{z+12-15}{z}\)
\(M=\dfrac{x-3}{x}+\dfrac{y-3}{y}+\dfrac{z-3}{z}\)
\(M=1-\dfrac{3}{x}+1-\dfrac{3}{y}+1-\dfrac{3}{z}\)
\(M=3-\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)\)
\(M=3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(M_{max}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=4\)
Bài 2
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc}{4abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4abc}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\) (1)
Xét \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\) (2)
Cộng (1) và (2) theo từng vế
\(P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{22}{15}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{225\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{225}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{15}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{22}{15}\ge\dfrac{2}{15}-\dfrac{22}{15}=-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{-4}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si ta có :
+) \(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)
+) \(\left(x+y\right)+z\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)z}\)
+) \(\left(x+y+z\right)+t\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)t}\)
Nhân từng vế với vế của các BĐT trên ta có :
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y+z+t\right)\ge8\sqrt{xyzt\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\ge8\sqrt{xyzt\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge4\sqrt{xyzt}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\ge16xyzt\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyzt}\ge16\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x+y=z\\x+y+z=t\\x+y+z+t=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=\dfrac{1}{4}\\z=\dfrac{1}{2}\\t=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy...