Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử: x + y + z 3 - z 3 - y 3 - z 3
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Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=x+y\\b=y+z\\c=x+z\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(8\left(x+y+z\right)^3-\left(x+y\right)^3-\left(y+z\right)^3-\left(z+x\right)^3\\ =8\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)c\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(a+b\right)^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-c^3\\ =3\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2+ab\right)\\ =3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\\ =3\left(x+y+y+z\right)\left(y+z+z+x\right)\left(z+x+x+y\right)\\ =3\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)\)
Hướng dẫn
Đặt là x,y,z
Chứng minh được là \(x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3=x^3+y^3+z^3+\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3-x^3+y^3+z^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
x(y+z)^2 - y(z-x)^2 +z(x+y)^2 - x^3 + y^3 - z^3 - 4xyz
=xy^2+2xyz+xz^2-yz^2+2xyz-x^2y+x^2z+2xyz+zy^2-x^3+y^3-z^3-4xyz
=xy^2+xz^2-yz^2-x^2y+x^2z+y^2z-x^3+y^3-z^3+2xyz
=(xy^2+2xyz+xz^2)-x^3-(yz^2+2xyz+x^2y)+y^3+(x^2z+2xyz+y^2z)-z^3
=x[(y+z)^2-x^2)-y[(z+x)^2-y^2]+z[(x+y)^2-z^2]
=x(-x+y+z)(x+y+z)-y(x-y+z)(x+y+z)+z(x+y-z)(x+y+z)
=(x+y+z)[-x^2+xy+xz-xy+y^2-yz+xz+yz-z^2]
=(x+y+z)[-x(x-y-z)-y(x-y-z)+z(x-y-z)]
=(x+y+z)(x-y-z)(z-x-y)
x + y + z 3 - z 3 - y 3 - z 3 = ( x + y ) + z 3 – x 3 – y 3 – z 3 = ( x + y ) 3 + 3 ( x + y ) 2 z + 3 ( x + y ) z 2 + z 3 – x 3 – y 3 – z 3 = x 3 + y 3 + 3 x y ( x + y ) + 3 ( x + y ) 2 z + 3 ( x + y ) z 2 – x 3 – y 3 ( v ì z 3 – z 3 = 0 ; 3 x 2 y + 3 x y 2 = 3 x y ( x + y ) ) = 3 x y . ( x + y ) + 3 ( x + y ) 2 . z + 3 ( x + y ) . z 2 = 3 ( x + y ) [ x y + ( x + y ) z + z 2 ] = 3 ( x + y ) [ x y + x z + y z + z 2 ] = 3 ( x + y ) [ x ( y + z ) + z ( y + z ) ] = 3 ( x + y ) ( y + z ) ( x + z )