1,cho a,b là các số thực thỏa mãn:\(2a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}+\frac{1}{a^2}=4\left(a\ne0\right)\)
Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức P=ab
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Xét biểu thức \(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{abc+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{\left(abc+ab+bc+ca\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{4+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8}\)(Do \(ab+bc+ca+abc=4\)theo giả thiết)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}=1\)(***)
Với x,y dương ta có 2 bất đẳng thức phụ sau:
\(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)(*)
\(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)(**)
Áp dụng (*) và (**), ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le\frac{1}{a+b+4}=\frac{1}{\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}\right)\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+4}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\right)\)(2)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+4}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c+2}+\frac{1}{a+2}\right)\)(3)
Cộng từng vế của các bất đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được:
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)(theo (***))
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
ap dung bdt \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{16}\left[\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}^2\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{2}{\left(a+c^2\right)}+\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)\(+\frac{2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
ap dung \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\) voi a+b=x, b+c=y, c+a=z
\(16P\le\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
tiếp tục áp dụng bdt ban đầu \(\frac{4}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le4.16.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\frac{1}{4}.16\left[\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2\right]\)
=\(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ac}\right)\)
tiep tuc ap dung bo de thu 2 ta co
\(16P\le\frac{1}{4}.4\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow p\le\frac{3}{16}\)dau =khi a=b=c=1
1/\(=4a^2+4b^2+c^2+8ab-4bc-4ca+4b^2+4c^2+a^2+8bc-4ca-4ab+4a^2+4c^2+b^2+8ca-4bc-4ab=\)
\(=9a^2+9b^2+9c^2=9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
2/
Ta có
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow P=9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge18\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=18\)
Bài 4: Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta có: \(P=\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{b^3+1}=\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}a.\frac{\left(b+1\right)+\left(b^2-b+1\right)}{2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab^2+2a}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\)Giả sử b là số nằm giữa a và c thì \(\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\le0\Rightarrow b^2+ac\le ab+bc\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le a^2b+abc+bc^2\le a^2b+2abc+bc^2=b\left(a+c\right)^2=b\left(3-b\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(b\left(3-b\right)^2\le4\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-4\right)\left(b-1\right)^2\le0\)(đúng với mọi \(b\in[0;3]\))
Từ đó suy ra \(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\le\frac{1}{2}.4+3=5\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2; b = 1; c = 0 và các hoán vị
Bài 1: Đặt \(a=xc,b=yc\left(x,y>0\right)\)thì điều kiện giả thiết trở thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{x}{y+3}+\frac{y}{x+3}+\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{x^2+y^2+3\left(x+y\right)}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)-2xy}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)
Có: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\Rightarrow xy=3-\left(x+y\right)\)
Đặt \(t=x+y\left(0< t< 3\right)\Rightarrow xy=3-t\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{t^2}{4}\Rightarrow t\ge2\)(do t > 0)
Lúc đó \(P=\frac{t^2+3t-2\left(3-t\right)}{3-t+3t+9}+\frac{3-t}{t}=\frac{t}{2}+\frac{3}{t}-\frac{3}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{t}{2}.\frac{3}{t}}-\frac{3}{2}=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)với \(2\le t< 3\)
Vậy \(MinP=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)đạt được khi \(t=\sqrt{6}\)hay (x; y) là nghiệm của hệ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\sqrt{6}\\xy=3-\sqrt{6}\end{cases}}\)
Ta lại có \(P=\frac{t^2-3t+6}{2t}=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(t-3\right)}{2t}+1\le1\)(do \(2\le t< 3\))
Vậy \(MaxP=1\)đạt được khi t = 2 hay x = y = 1
\(2a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{b^2}{4}=4\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}-2\right)+\left(a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}-ab\right)=4-ab-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(a-\frac{b}{2}\right)^2=2-ab\)
\(VF=2-ab=\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b-\frac{b}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
Hay \(ab\le2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{a}\\b=\frac{b}{2}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;\frac{1}{2}\right)\\\left(a;b\right)=\left(-1;-\frac{1}{2}\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^3}.\frac{a^3+b^3}{\left(ab\right)^3}+\frac{3}{\left(a+b\right)^4}.\frac{a^2+b^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}+\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^5}.\frac{a+b}{ab}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^3}.\frac{a^3+b^3}{1^3}+\frac{3}{\left(a+b\right)^4}.\frac{a^2+b^2}{1^2}+\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^5}.\frac{a+b}{1}\)
\(=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4}+\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)\(=\frac{\left(a^3+b^3\right)\left(a+b\right)+3a^2+3b^2+6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{a^4+a^3b+ab^3+b^4+3a^2+3b^2+6}{a^4+4a^3b+6a^2b^2+4ab^3+b^4}\)\(=\frac{a^4+a^2.1+1.b^2+b^4+3a^2+3b^2+6}{a^4+4a^2.1+6.1^2+4b^2.1+b^4}\)
\(=\frac{a^4+4a^2+4b^2+b^4+6}{a^4+4a^2+6+4b^2+b^4}=1\)
Vì ( a - b )2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)a,b \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\). Mà ab = 4 \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b-2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b-2\right).8}{a-b}\)
Đặt t = a + b \(\Rightarrow t\ge4\)( Do \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}=4\))
\(\frac{\left(t-2\right).8}{t}=\frac{8t-16}{t}=8-\frac{16}{t}\)
Vì \(t\ge4\Rightarrow\frac{16}{t}\le\frac{16}{4}\Rightarrow-\frac{16}{t}\ge-4\Rightarrow\left(8-\frac{16}{t}\right)\ge8-4=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b-2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a+b}\ge4\)Dấu '' = '' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\a,b=4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{\left(a+b-2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a+b}\)min \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\)
\(4=a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a^2}}+2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{4}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\ge2+ab\Rightarrow ab\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)