Question

[Phạm Vũ Lam Khánh]

Giả sử a , b , c là các số thực dương sao cho a+b+c=1

Chứng minh rằng : \(2\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge\frac{1+a}{1-a}+\frac{1+b}{1-b}+\frac{1+c}{1-c}\)

Answer 1

[Kudo Shinichi]

\(2\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge\frac{1+a}{1-a}+\frac{1+b}{1-b}+\frac{1+c}{1-c}\)

Thay thế \(a+b+c=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge\frac{2a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+2b+c}{a+c}+\frac{a+b+2c}{a+b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge\frac{2a}{b+c}+\frac{2b}{a+c}+\frac{2c}{a+b}+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2b}{a}+\frac{2c}{b}+\frac{2a}{c}\ge\frac{2a}{b+c}+\frac{2b}{a+c}+\frac{2c}{a+b}+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{2b}{a}-\frac{2b}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{2c}{b}-\frac{2c}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{2a}{c}-\frac{2a}{b+c}\right)\ge3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2bc}{a\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{2ca}{b\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{2ab}{c\left(b+c\right)}\ge3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc}{a\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab}{c\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{abc\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{abc\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số 

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{abc\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{abc\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b+c+a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2abc}\)

Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2abc}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge6abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2ab^2c+2abc^2+2a^2bc\ge3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\ge3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\ge abc\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2b^2+b^2c^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^4c^2}=2ab^2c\\b^2c^2+c^2a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2c^4}=2abc^2\\a^2b^2+c^2a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}=2a^2bc\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\ge2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\ge abc\left(đpcm\right)\)

Vì \(\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2abc}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy \(\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{abc\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{abc\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge\frac{1+a}{1-a}+\frac{1+b}{1-b}+\frac{1+c}{1-c}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Chúc bạn học tốt !!!