Cho 9,52g hỗn hợp Na2SO4. Na2So3, NaHSO3 tác dụng vừa đủ với dung dịch axit sufuric sinh ra 1008ml khí. Mặt khác 2,38g hỗn hợp trên tác dụng vừa hết với 18ml dung dịch NaOH 0,5M. Tính % khối lượng mỗi muối trong hỗn hợp
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TN2:
\(n_{NaOH}=0,5.0,018=0,009\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaHSO3 + NaOH --> Na2SO3 + H2O
0,009<--0,009
=> 2,38 gam hh chứa 0,009 mol NaHSO3
=> 9,52 gam hh chứa 0,036 mol NaHSO3
Giả sử trong 9,52 gam hh chứa a mol Na2SO3, Na2SO4
=> 126a + 142b = 9,52 - 0,036.104 = 5,776 (1)
PTHH: Na2SO3 + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
a---------------------------->a
2NaHSO3 + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
0,036------------------------>0,036
=> \(a+0,036=\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,045\)
=> a = 0,009 (mol)
\(\%m_{NaHSO_3}=\dfrac{0,036.104}{9,52}.100\%=39,33\%\)
\(\%m_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{0,009.126}{9,52}.100\%=11,91\%\)
\(\%m_{Na_2SO_4}=100\%-39,33\%-11,91\%=48,76\%\)
% khối lượng CH 3 COOH : 1,2/1,66 x 100% = 72,29%
% khối lương C 2 H 5 OH : 0,46/1,66 x 100% = 27,71%
\(a,n_{NaOH}=1,5.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
CH3COOH + NaOH ---> CH3COONa + H2O
0,3<-----------0,3
2CH3COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH3COONa + H2
0,3----------------------------------------------->0,15
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
0,2<---------------------------------------0,1
=> m = 0,2.46 +0,3.60 = 27,2 (g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,3.60}{27,2}.100\%=66,18\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=100\%-66,18\%=33,82\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65.100\%}{21,1}=61,61\%;\%m_{ZnO}=100-61,61=38,39\%\)
b,\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{21,1-13}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,2
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,4\right).36,5.100\%}{7,3\%}=300\left(g\right)\)
c,
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2
PTHH: ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,1
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=600.1,12=672\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,4.0,5=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{15,2}.100\%\approx78,95\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}\approx21,05\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(mol) \\C_6H_5OH + KOH \to C_6H_5OK + H_2O\\ n_{C_6H_5OH} = n_{KOH} = 0,1.0,5 = 0,05(mol)\\ 2CH_3OH + 2Na \to 2CH_3ONa + H_2\\ 2C_6H_5OH + 2Na \to 2C_6H_5ONa + H_2\\ \)
Theo PTHH :
\(2n_{H_2} = n_{CH_3OH} + n_{C_6H_5OH}\\ \Rightarrow n_{CH_3OH} = 0,35.2 - 0,05 = 0,65(mol)\\ \%m_{CH_3OH} = \dfrac{0,65.32}{0,65.32 + 0,05.94}.100\% = 81,57\%\\ \%m_{C_6H_5OH} = 100\% - 81,57\% = 18,43\%\)
a)
- Xét TN2:
nNaOH = 0,2.0,2 = 0,04 (mol)
PTHH: CH3COOH + NaOH --> CH3COONa + H2O
0,04<-----0,04
- Xét TN1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2CH3COOH + 2Na --> 2CH3COONa + H2
0,04------------------------------>0,02
2C2H5OH + 2Na --> 2C2H5ONa + H2
0,02<--------------------------0,01
=> m = 0,04.60 + 0,02.46 = 3,32 (g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,04.60}{3,32}.100\%=72,29\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,02.46}{3,32}.100\%=27,71\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
142x + 126y+104x = 10??? 10 ở đâu vậy b