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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,464}{22,4}=0,11mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow Muối\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\\FeSO_4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BTe:3x+2y=2n_{H_2}=0,22\\\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot342+y\cdot152=14,44\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04mol\\y=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,04\cdot27=1,08g\\m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3BaSO_4\downarrow\)
0,02 0,06
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+FeCl_2\)
0,05 0,05
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{\downarrow}=0,06+0,05=0,11\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=x=25,63g\)
\(2NaBr+Cl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Br_2\left(1\right)\\ m_{giảm}=m_{Br_2}-m_{Cl_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow n_{NaCl\left(1\right)}=n_{NaBr\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{13,35}{160-71}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{NaBr}=\dfrac{103.0,15}{42,6}.100\approx36,268\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{NaCl}\approx63,732\%\)
Bổ sung:
\(C\%_{ddNaBr\left(trongA\right)}=\dfrac{0,15.103}{200}.100=7,725\%\\ C\%_{ddNaCl\left(trongA\right)}=\dfrac{42,6-0,15.103}{200}.100=13,575\%\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{hhkhí\left(H_2,CO_2\right)}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
a a a
MgCO3 + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
b b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\161a+84b=28,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84-8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{6,5+8,4}=43,62\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-43,62\%=56,38\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Na + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + H2
0,03 0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=7,26-0,015.142=5,13\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{5,13}{342}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,03.23=0,69\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,015.102=1,53\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,69}{0,69+1,53}=31,08\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-31,08\%=68,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Thiếu \(d_{H_2SO_4}\)
a) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)
b) Tương tự câu a
Gọi : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 102a + 65b = 2,505(1)
\(Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\)
Muối gồm : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:2a\left(mol\right)\\ZnCl_2:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 133,5.2a + 136b = 6,045(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,015 ; b = 0,015
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{0,015.102}{2,505}.100\% = 61,08\%\\ \%m_{Zn} = 100\% - 61,08\% = 38,92\%\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{HCl} = 6a + 2b = 0,12(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,12.36,5}{200}.100\% = 2,19\%\)
Câu 1:
Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_______a______a(mol)
MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
b_____2b_______b___b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)
=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO= 45,455%
b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)
c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{8}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ b,FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=3.n_{AlCl_3}+2.n_{FeCl_2}=3.a+2.b=3.0,2+2.0,1=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{170.0,8}{250}.100=54,4\%\\ b=m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=0,8.143,5=114,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot4=0,8mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(3x\) \(x\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(2y\) \(y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=11,9\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11,9}\cdot100\%=45,38\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-45,38\%=54,62\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,2+0,1=0,4mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22.4=8,96l\)
TN2:
\(n_{NaOH}=0,5.0,018=0,009\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaHSO3 + NaOH --> Na2SO3 + H2O
0,009<--0,009
=> 2,38 gam hh chứa 0,009 mol NaHSO3
=> 9,52 gam hh chứa 0,036 mol NaHSO3
Giả sử trong 9,52 gam hh chứa a mol Na2SO3, Na2SO4
=> 126a + 142b = 9,52 - 0,036.104 = 5,776 (1)
PTHH: Na2SO3 + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
a---------------------------->a
2NaHSO3 + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
0,036------------------------>0,036
=> \(a+0,036=\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,045\)
=> a = 0,009 (mol)
\(\%m_{NaHSO_3}=\dfrac{0,036.104}{9,52}.100\%=39,33\%\)
\(\%m_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{0,009.126}{9,52}.100\%=11,91\%\)
\(\%m_{Na_2SO_4}=100\%-39,33\%-11,91\%=48,76\%\)