Biết \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=432\) Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức
\(T=\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{4}{a+b+2c}+\dfrac{16}{2a+3b+3c}\)
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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\)
CMTT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{2a}+\dfrac{2}{2b}+\dfrac{2}{2c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)
\(minM=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bđt Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{a^4}{2ab+3ac}+\dfrac{b^4}{2cb+3ab}+\dfrac{c^4}{2ac+3bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\).
Áp dụng bđt \(\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Khi đó \(\dfrac{9.ab}{a+3b+2c}=ab.\dfrac{9}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(c+b\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{c+b}+\dfrac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng theo vế suy ra \(9A\le\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=9< =>A\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = 2
Theo BĐT Bu nhi a cốp xki ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\right)\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\ge\dfrac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{3a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{16}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3b+3c+2a}=\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{16}{\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(a+b\right)+\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3c+3a+2b}=\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{16}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế của BĐT ta được :
\(\dfrac{1}{3a+3b+2c}+\dfrac{1}{3b+3c+2a}+\dfrac{1}{3c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.6=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy GTLN của A là \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Bổ đề :\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si ta có:
\(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz};\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}.\dfrac{1}{z}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{x}\dfrac{1}{y}\dfrac{1}{z}}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x=y=z
Ta có:\(\dfrac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{ab}{9}.\dfrac{9}{a+3b+2c}\le\dfrac{ab}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:\(\dfrac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{ca}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{ca}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1}{c+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(A\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(\dfrac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{cb+ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca+ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(a+b+c+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(6+\dfrac{6}{3}\right)=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ a=b=c=2
Vậy Max A=1⇔ a=b=c=2
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{16}{2a+3b+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{16}{2b+3a+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{16}{2c+3a+3b}\)
cộng tất cả lại ta được \(4.2017\ge16.\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{1}{2b+3a+3c}+\dfrac{1}{2c+3a+3b}\right)< =>P\le\dfrac{2017}{4}\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}=2017\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\\dfrac{3}{2a}=\dfrac{3}{2b}=\dfrac{3}{2c}=2017\end{matrix}\right.< =>a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4034}}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2b+2c+2a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\Rightarrow2b+c-a=2a\Rightarrow2b=3a-c\)\(\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=2\Rightarrow2c-b+a=2b\Rightarrow2c=3b-a\)
\(\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=2\Rightarrow2a+b-c=2c\Rightarrow2a=3c-b\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{2a.2b.2c}=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{8abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x-4+5}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)+5}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\sqrt{x}+2+\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(=\sqrt{x}-2+\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}-2}+4\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-2}}+4=4+2\sqrt{5}\)
\(A_{min}=4+2\sqrt{5}\) khi \(9+4\sqrt{5}\)
b.
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{l}{z}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(B=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(B_{min}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)