chứng minh các công th
1,\(k\left(k-1\right).C^k_n=n\left(n-1\right).C_{n-2}^{k-2}\)
2,\(\dfrac{1}{A^2_2}+\dfrac{1}{A^2_3}+...........+\dfrac{1}{A^2_n}=1-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
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\(B=\dfrac{0!}{2!}+\dfrac{1!}{3!}+\dfrac{2!}{4!}+...+\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)!}{n!}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{n}=\dfrac{n-1}{n}\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{k(k+1)(k+2)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{k(k+1)(k+2)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{(k+2)-k}{k(k+1)(k+2)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{k+2}{k(k+1)(k+2)}-\frac{k}{k(k+1)(k+2)}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{k(k+1)}-\frac{1}{(k+1)(k+2)}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2.3.4}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{3.4.5}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}\right)\)
.......
\(\frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n(n+1)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n(n+1)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2(n+1)(n+2)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+k}=\dfrac{n+k}{n\left(n+k\right)}-\dfrac{n}{n\left(n+k\right)}=\dfrac{n+k-n}{n\left(n+k\right)}=\dfrac{k}{n\left(n+k\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{k}{n\cdot\left(n+k\right)}=\dfrac{n+k-n}{n\left(n+k\right)}=\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+k}\)(đpcm)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\dfrac{2}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}-\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\cdot\left(n+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{n^2+3n+2-2}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{n\left(n+3\right)}{4\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}-2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1-2k-2+2\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}}{\sqrt{k}\left(k+1\right)}< 0\)
Lại có: \(k>0\)
\(\Rightarrow k+1>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{k}\left(k+1\right)>0\)
\(\Rightarrow-1-2k+2\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}< 0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:
\(k+\left(k+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2k+1\ge2\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}-2k-1\le0\forall k>0\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
Bài 1 :
Để \(\dfrac{x^3+x^2-x-1}{x^3+2x-3}=0\) thì \(x^3+x^2-x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy,.........
b.
\(B=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{2}{2.3.4}+....+\dfrac{2}{\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}-\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}\)
a) (1/(b+2))*(a*a+c)=5
b) (k*k)+((k+1)*(k+1)) < > (k+2)*(k+2)
c) 8*x-7>1
d) (b*b)-(4*a*c) >=0
e) (1/n)*(1/(n+i))*(1/(n+2)) <0,01
f) (a-3)*(a+5)=0
g) ((a+c)*h)/2 < > 1
h) 2*x+3 <= 25*y;
k) x >= (m+5)/(2*a);
l)3,14*(R*R) > a*a