Tìm 2 số nguyên x,y thỏa mãn :
a/ \(\left(x+y+1\right)^2=3\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\)
b/ \(\left(2x-y-2\right)^2=7\left(x-2y-y^2-1\right)\)
c/ \(x^2+6y-4xy+4x-15y=0\)
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Ta có: \(3x^2+3y^2+4xy+2x-2y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1+y^2-2y+1+2x^2+4xy+2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)^2=0\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(2\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Do đó: \(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y-1=0\\x+y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\\-1+1=0\left(đúng\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay x=-1 và y=1 vào biểu thức \(M=\left(x+y\right)^{2016}+\left(x+2\right)^{2017}+\left(y-1\right)^{2018}\), ta được:
\(M=\left(-1+1\right)^{2016}+\left(-1+2\right)^{2017}+\left(1-1\right)^{2018}\)
\(=0^{2016}+1^{2017}+0^{2018}=1\)
Vậy: M=1
1,ĐK: \(x,y\ne-2\)
HPT<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x+2\right)+y\left(y+2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)\left(1\right)\\x^2\left(x+2\right)^2+y^2\left(y+2\right)^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\left(y+2\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\left(x+2\right)^2+2xy\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)+y^2\left(y+2\right)^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\left(y+2\right)^2\\x^2\left(x+2\right)^2+y^2\left(y+2\right)^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\left(y+2\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(2xy\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)=0\)
<=>\(2xy=0\) (do x+2 và y+2 \(\ne0\))
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại x=0 thay vào (1) có: \(y\left(y+2\right)=2\left(y+2\right)\) <=> y= \(\pm2\) => y=2 (vì y khác -2)
Tại y=0 thay vào (1) có: \(x\left(x+2\right)=2\left(x+2\right)\) => x=2
Vậy HPT có 2 nghiệm duy nhất (2,0),(0,2)
2, ĐK: \(y\ne-1\)
HPT <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=2\left(x+3\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(1\right)\\\frac{3x^2}{y+1}=4-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\frac{6\left(3+x\right)\left(y+1\right)}{y+1}=4-x\)
<=> 6(x+3)=4-x
<=> \(14=-7x\)
<=> \(x=-2\) thay vào (1) có \(4=2\left(y+1\right)\)
<=>y=1\(\)( tm)
Vậy hpt có một nghiệm duy nhất (-2,1)
3,\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-y=y^2-x\left(1\right)\\x^2-x=y+3\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT (1) <=> \(\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x-y\right)=0\)
<=> (x-y)(x+y+1)=0
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=-x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại x=y thay vào (2) có \(y^2-y=y+3\) <=> \(y^2-2y-3=0\) <=> (y-3)(y+1)=0 <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=3\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại y=-1-x thay vào (2) có: \(x^2-x=-1-x+3\) <=> \(x^2=2\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2}\\x=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1-\sqrt{2}\\y=-1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy hpt có 4 nghiệm (3,3),(-1,-1), ( \(\sqrt{2},-1-\sqrt{2}\)),( \(-\sqrt{2},-1+\sqrt{2}\))
4,\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{9}{2}\left(1\right)\\xy+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=5\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)(đk:\(x\ne0,y\ne0\))
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{9}{2}\\\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=u\\y+\frac{1}{y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u+v=\frac{9}{2}\\uv=5\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{9}{2}-v\\v\left(\frac{9}{2}-v\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{9}{2}-v\\\left(v-\frac{5}{2}\right)\left(v-2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{9}{2}-v\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}v=\frac{5}{2}\\v=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}v=\frac{5}{2}\\u=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}v=2\\u=\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=\frac{5}{2}\\u=2\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=2\\y+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=2\\u=\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=\frac{5}{2}\\y+\frac{1}{y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy hpt có 4 nghiệm (1,2),( \(1,\frac{1}{2}\)) ,( 2,1),(\(\frac{1}{2},1\)).
10.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-3xy+y^2+x-y=0\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-2xy-xy+y^2+x-y=0\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)=0\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=2x+1\end{matrix}\right.\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2+x+1=x^2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\x^2+x+1=\left(2x+1\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\3x\left(x+1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=-1\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=-1\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{a) }\left(x-1\right)^2+\left|y+3\right|=0\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\text{ và }\left|y+3\right|\text{ đều }\ge0\)
nên để \( \left(x-1\right)^2+\left|y+3\right|=0\)
thì \(\left(x-1\right)^2=0\text{ và }\left|y+3\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1=0\text{ và }y+3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\text{ và }y=-3\)
\(\text{b) }\left(x^2-9\right)^2+\left|2-6y\right|^5\le0\)
\(\text{vì }\left(x^2-9\right)^2\text{ và }\left|2-6y\right|^5\text{ đều }\ge0\)
Nên để \(\left(x^2-9\right)^2+\left|2-6y\right|^5\le0\)
Thì \(\left(x^2-9\right)^2+\left|2-6y\right|^5=0\)
hay \(\left(x^2-9\right)^2=0\text{ và }\left|2-6y\right|^5=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-9=0\text{ và }2-6y=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=9\text{ và }6y=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\pm3\text{ và }y=\frac{1}{3}\)
Câu c) làm tương tự nha
Xin câu a :3
a) (x + y + 1)2 = 3(x2 + y2) + 1
<=> x2 + y2 + 1 + 2xy + 2x + 2y = 3x2 + 3y2 + 1
<=> 2x2 + 2y2 - 2xy - 2x - 2y = 0
<=> (x2 - 2xy + y2) + (x2 - 2x + 1) + (y2 - 2y + 1) = 2
<=> (x - y)2 + (x - 1)2 + (y - 1)2 = 2
Vì 2 = 02 + 12 + 12 nên ta có các TH sau:
TH1:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-1\right)^2=1\\\left(y-1\right)^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=2\\x=y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=1\\\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1;y=0\\x=1;y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH3:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=1\\\left(x-1\right)^2=1\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2;y=1\\x=0;y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
a) ta có : \(\left(x+y+1\right)^2=3\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+1+2xy+2y+2x=3x^2+3y^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2=\left(x-y\right)^2-2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x-y\le\sqrt{2}\) --> ...
b) \(\left(2x-y-2\right)^2=7\left(x-2y-y^2-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+y^2+4-4xy+4y-4x=7x-14y-7y^2-7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4xy+2y^2+2x^2-11x+\dfrac{121}{16}+6y^2+18y+\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{-19}{16}\left(vl\right)\)
câu c tương tự .