Tính C% chất tan trong dung dịch thu được trong các trường hợp sau:
a. Trộn 100 gam dung dịch HCl 10% với 150 gam dung dịch HCl 20%.
b. Hòa tan hoàn toàn 2,4 gam Mg bằng 100 gam dung dịch HCl 10,95%
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Câu 3 :
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10\cdot21.9\%}{36.5}=0.06\left(mol\right)\)
\(AO+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2O\)
\(0.03........0.06\)
\(M=\dfrac{2.4}{0.03}=80\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=64\)
\(CuO\)
Câu 2 :
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{1,6}{80} = 0,02(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{100.20\%}{98} = \dfrac{10}{49}$
$CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} < n_{H_2SO_4}$ nên $H_2SO_4 dư
Theo PTHH :
$n_{CuSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = n_{CuO} = 0,02(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 1,6 + 100 = 101,6(gam)$
Vậy :
$C\%_{CuSO_4} = \dfrac{0,02.160}{101,6}.100\% = 3,15\%$
$C\%_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = \dfrac{100.20\% - 0,02.98}{101,6}.100\% = 17,6\%$
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Mg}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36.5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{14,6}{200}.100\%=7,3\%\)
b. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=4,8+200=204,8\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{19}{204,8}.100\%=9,28\%\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo pt: \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=0,2\\27x+56y=5,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{19}{470}\\y=\dfrac{37}{470}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot27}{5,5}\cdot100\%=19,84\%\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=100\%-19,84\%=80,16\%\)
Tính nồng độ phần trăm của dung dịch trong các trường hợp sau:
a) Cho 20 gam NaCl tan hoàn toàn trong 80 gam H2O?
-> mddNaCl= mNaCl+mH2O= 20+80=100(g)
=>C%ddNaCl= (mNaCl/mddNaCl).100%= (20/100).100= 20%
b) Cho 50 gam H2O vào 100 gam dung dịch HCl 10%?
mHCl= 10%.100= 10(g)
=> mddHCl(sau)= mddHCl(10%)+mH2O= 100+50=150(g)
=>C%ddHCl(sau)= (mHCl/mddHCl(sau)).100%= (10/150).100\(\approx6,667\%\)
c) Trộn 200 gam dung dịch HCl 20% với 100 gam dung dịch HCl 10%?
--
mHCl(tổng)= 200.20%+100.10%= 50(g)
mddHCl(tổng)=200+100=300(g)
=> C%ddHCl(tổng)= (mHCl(tổng)/ mddHCl(tổng)).100%= (50/300).100\(\approx16,667\%\)
d) Cho thêm 10 gam NaCl vào 90 gam dung dịch NaCl 30%?
---
mNaCl(trong dd 30%)= 30%.90=27(g)
=>mNaCl(tổng)= 10+27=37(g)
mddNaCl(tổng)=10+90=100(g)
=>C%ddNaCl(sau)= (mNaCl(tổng)/ mddNaCl(tổng)).100%= (37.100)/100= 37%
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,64}{27}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{365.10\%}{36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,32}{2}< \dfrac{1}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,32-->0,96---->0,32--->0,48
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,48.22,4=10,752\left(l\right)\)
b) Trong Y chứa AlCl3 và HCl dư
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,32.133,5=42,72\left(g\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 8,64 + 365 - 0,48.2 = 372,68 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{42,72}{372,68}.100\%=11,463\%\\C\%\left(HCldư\right)=\dfrac{\left(1-0,96\right).36,5}{372,68}.100\%=0,392\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{16,25}{162,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 6HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
0,05<----0,3<-----0,1
=> \(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05.160=8\left(g\right)\)
b)
\(m_{HCl\left(bd\right)}=91,25.16\%=14,6\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = 8 + 91,25 = 99,25 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(FeCl_3\right)=\dfrac{16,25}{99,25}.100\%=16,373\%\\C\%\left(HCldư\right)=\dfrac{14,6-0,3.36,5}{99,25}.100\%=3,678\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)
Đáp án C
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Hidro và Clo: nCl– = nHCl = 2nH2 = 1 mol.
⇒ mmuối khan = mkim loại + mCl– = 20 + 1 × 35,5 = 55,5(g)
\(a.m_{HCl}=100.10\%+150.20\%=40\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{40}{100+150}.100=16\%\\ b.n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95\%.100}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,3-2.0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=2,4+100-0,1.2=102,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{102,2}.100\approx3,571\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{102,2}.100\approx9,295\%\)