Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question from 18 to 25. The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms’ bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man’s body, we can tell which muscles he uses and...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question from 18 to 25.
The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms’ bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man’s body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn’t. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the “body-building” cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to “build” their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a famer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The famer’s hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.
The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.
Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is “used”, and fades to white when it is not.
In the second paragraph, the author mentions sun tanning as an example of________.
A. humans improving their local condition
B. humans surviving in adverse conditions
C. humans using the principle of use and disuse
D. humans running the risk of skin cancer
Your body prevents harmful microorganisms entering and causing harm. The
skin, for example, doesn't allow microorganisms to enter. Hairs and mucus in your nose catch invaders, and then you push themucus out when you cough, sneeze or blow your nose. Enzymes and acids in the body, and white blood cells also destroy bacteria.
Do antibiotics help ? Doctors use antibiotic drugs to fight bacterial infections, but antibiotics don't work
against viruses. This is why doctors don't give antibiotics to patients with a
common cold or flu.
How does immunization work ? Immunization
(or vaccination) is another way of protecting the body, by injecting the body with
dead or inactive microorganisms. After vaccination, the body starts to
make antibodies that destroy the microorganism. Because the microorganisms in the
vaccination are not dangerous, the person doesn't getill. When they come
into contact with a live (dangerous) micro organism, then the antibodies
destroy the infection before it makes them ill.
mk còn thiếu
What do. the body do to protect itselp?