Câu 2. Hòa tan hoàn toàn 23,5 gam K2O vào nước được 400 ml dung dịch.
a. Tính khối lượng bazơ thu được.
b. Tính nồng độ mol dung dịch tạo thành
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a) PTHH: \(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot98}{20\%}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{147}{1,14}\approx128,95\left(ml\right)\)
b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{FeSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,3\cdot56=16,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot24,76=7,428\left(l\right)\\m_{FeSO_4}=0,3\cdot152=45,6\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=163,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{45,6}{163,2}\cdot100\%\approx27,94\%\)
\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{23,5}{94}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\\ \Rightarrow n_{KOH}=2n_{K_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5M\\ PTHH:2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{H_2SO_4}}=0,25\cdot98=24,5\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{24,5\cdot100\%}{49\%}=50\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,6}{56}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35.22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)
d, \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,35.152=53,2\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)
d, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.1,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,35=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{1,88}{94}=0,02(mol)\\ a,K_2O+H_2O\to 2KOH\\ b,n_{KOH}=0,04(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,5}=0,08M\\ c,n_{KOH}=0,04.50\%=0,02(mol)\\ KOH+HCl\to KCl+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,02.36,5}{7,3\%}=10(g)\)
Gọi $n_{Na_2O} = 2a(mol) \Rightarrow n_{K_2O} = a(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 2a.62 + 94a = 21,8 \Rightarrow a = 0,1(mol)$
$Na_2O + H_2O \to 2NaOH$
$K_2O + H_2O \to 2KOH$
$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{Na_2O} = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{KOH} = 2n_{K_2O} = 0,2(mol)$
$C_{M_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{0,4}{0,5} = 0,8M$
$C_{M_{KOH}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,5} = 0,4M$
$m_{dd} = D.V = 1,04.500 = 520(gam)$
$C\%_{NaOH} = \dfrac{0,4.40}{520}.100\% = 3,1\%$
$C\%_{KOH} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{520}.100\% = 2,15\%$
PTHH: \(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
a) \(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{23,5}{94}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{K_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KOH}=0,5.56=28\left(g\right)\)
b) \(C_{M_{ddKOH}}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,4}=1,25M\)