a/Tìm GTNN của biểu thức A=\(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4-1\)
b/Tìm GTLN của biểu thức B=\(-\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^{2018}+3\)
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\(B=-\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^6+3\)
vì \(B=-\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^6\le0,\forall x\inℝ\)
\(\Rightarrow B=-\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^6+3\le3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi
\(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}=0\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{9}x=\dfrac{2}{15}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{9}{15}\)
Vậy \(GTLN\left(B\right)=3\left(tạix=\dfrac{9}{15}\right)\)
\(A=\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4-1\)
vì \(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\ge0,\forall x\inℝ\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4-1\ge-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi
\(2x+\dfrac{1}{3}=0\Rightarrow2x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow GTNN\left(A\right)=-1\left(tạix=-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{-1;-\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
a) Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{2x}{x^3+x^2+x+1}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}\right):\left(1+\dfrac{x}{x+1}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{x^2+1}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{x+1+x}{x+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}:\dfrac{2x+1}{x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+1}{2x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2x+1}{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\)
b) Vì \(x=\dfrac{1}{4}\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
nên Thay \(x=\dfrac{1}{4}\) vào biểu thức \(P=\dfrac{x^2+2x+1}{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\), ta được:
\(P=\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+1\right]:\left[\left(2\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{16}+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right):\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{16}+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{16}:\dfrac{51}{32}=\dfrac{25}{16}\cdot\dfrac{32}{51}=\dfrac{50}{51}\)
Vậy: Khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{4}\) thì \(P=\dfrac{50}{51}\)
a. \(A=\left(\dfrac{2-3x}{x^2+2x-3}-\dfrac{x+3}{1-x}-\dfrac{x+1}{x+3}\right):\dfrac{3x+12}{x^3-1}\left(ĐKXĐ:x\ne1;x\ne-3\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2-3x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}-\dfrac{x+1}{x+3}\right):\dfrac{3x+12}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2-3x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}-\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right):\dfrac{3x+12}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2-3x+x^2+6x+9-x^2+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}:\dfrac{3x+12}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+12}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}:\dfrac{3x+12}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+12}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}.\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{3x+12}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{x+3}\)
\(M=A.B=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{x+3}.\dfrac{x^2+x-2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+x-2}{x+3}\)
b. -Để M thuộc Z thì:
\(\left(x^2+x-2\right)⋮\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+3x-2x-6+4\right)⋮\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[x\left(x+3\right)-2\left(x+3\right)+4\right]⋮\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4⋮\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+3\in\left\{1;2;4;-1;-2;-4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;-1;1;-4;-5;-7\right\}\)
c. \(A^{-1}-B=\dfrac{x+3}{x^2+x+1}-\dfrac{x^2+x-2}{x^3-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+3}{x^2+x+1}-\dfrac{x^2+x-2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}-\dfrac{x^2+x-2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-x+3x-3-x^2-x+2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x^2+2.\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}\le\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{4}}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(Max=\dfrac{4}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
\(A=\left|\dfrac{3}{5}-x\right|+\dfrac{1}{9}\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\\ A_{min}=\dfrac{1}{9}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{5}\\ B=\dfrac{2009}{2008}-\left|x-\dfrac{3}{5}\right|\le\dfrac{2009}{2008}\\ B_{max}=\dfrac{2009}{2008}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{5}\\ C=-2\left|\dfrac{1}{3}x+4\right|+1\dfrac{2}{3}\le1\dfrac{2}{3}\\ C_{max}=1\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}x=-4\Leftrightarrow x=-12\)
Bài 1
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)
\(M=\dfrac{x+12-15}{x}+\dfrac{y+12-15}{y}+\dfrac{z+12-15}{z}\)
\(M=\dfrac{x-3}{x}+\dfrac{y-3}{y}+\dfrac{z-3}{z}\)
\(M=1-\dfrac{3}{x}+1-\dfrac{3}{y}+1-\dfrac{3}{z}\)
\(M=3-\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)\)
\(M=3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(M_{max}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=4\)
Bài 2
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc}{4abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4abc}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\) (1)
Xét \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\) (2)
Cộng (1) và (2) theo từng vế
\(P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{22}{15}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{225\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{225}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{15}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{22}{15}\ge\dfrac{2}{15}-\dfrac{22}{15}=-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{-4}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)
vì \(\left(2^x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\) có mũ chẵn là 4 +> \(\left(2^x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\) > hoặc bằng 0 . Vậy GTNN của \(\left(2^x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\)= 0 .
vi GTNN cua \(\left(2^x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\)=> \(\left(2^x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\)-1 =0 -1=-1
vay GTNN cua \(\left(2^x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^4\)-1 =-1
b, vi \(\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^{2018}\) co mu chan la 2018 => \(\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^{2018}\) . hoặc bằng 0
Vậy GTLN của \(\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^{2018}\) = 0 .Vì \(\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^{2018}\) = 0 =>
\(\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^{2018}\) +3=0+3=3
Vậy GTLN của \(\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{15}\right)^{2018}\)+3=3