Cho a,b,c là các số dương thảo mãn \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
CM BĐT sau : \(\frac{a^2}{a+bc}+\frac{b^2}{b+ca}+\frac{c^2}{c+ab}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{4}\)
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Vì a+b+c=1 nên \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)=2+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\)
Do đó
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}\right)+\left(\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{c^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{c^2+b^2}{bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{15}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
vì \(a+b+c=1\)
\(< =>\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(=3+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\)
ta có pt:
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(3+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\right)\)
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ca}\)
áp dụng bđt cô- si( cauchy) gọi pt là P
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ca}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge2.\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge1+1+1+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
<=>ĐPCM
1. Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}=m\\\frac{1}{b}=n\\\frac{1}{c}=p\end{cases}}\) khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}m+n+p=3\\M=2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+mnp\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy ta được:
\(\left(m+n-p\right)\left(m-n+p\right)\le\left(\frac{m+n-p+m-n+p}{2}\right)^2=m^2\)
\(\left(n+p-m\right)\left(n+m-p\right)\le n^2\)
\(\left(p-n+m\right)\left(p-m+n\right)\le p^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(m+n-p\right)\left(n+p-m\right)\left(p+m-n\right)\le mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3+3mnp\ge m^2n+mn^2+n^2p+np^2+p^2m+pm^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+n+p\right)\left(m^2+n^2+p^2-mn-np-pm\right)+6mnp\ge mn\left(m-n\right)+np\left(n-p\right)+pm\left(p-m\right)\)
\(=mn\left(3-p\right)+np\left(3-m\right)+pm\left(3-n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)-3\left(mn+np+pm\right)+6mnp\ge3\left(mn+np+pm\right)-3mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+9mnp\ge6\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(=\frac{5}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+2mn+2np+2pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m+n+p\right)^2\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{3}\cdot3+\frac{1}{3}\cdot3^2=4+3=7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(m=n=p=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ \(VT=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(VT\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Theo bđt Cauchy - Schwart ta có:
\(\text{Σ}cyc\frac{c}{a^2\left(bc+1\right)}=\text{Σ}cyc\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{b+\frac{1}{c}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+a+b+c}\)\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3a^2b^2c^2}\)
Đặt \(ab+bc+ca=x;abc=y\).
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{xy+3y^2}\ge\frac{9}{x\left(1+y\right)}\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^3y\ge9xy+27y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-9y\right)+y\left(x^3-27y\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Vậy BĐT đc CM. Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Nhân 2 vế của \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\) có: \(ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+bc}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+bc}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\cdot\frac{a+b}{8}\cdot\frac{a+c}{8}}=\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\frac{b^2}{b+ca}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{b+c}{8}\ge\frac{3b}{4};\frac{c^2}{c+ab}+\frac{a+c}{8}+\frac{b+c}{8}\ge\frac{3c}{4}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT+\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\ge\frac{6\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{a+b+c}{4}=VP\). Ta có ĐPCM
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Tương tự cộng lại suy ra \(VT\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Suy ra sai đề :)
Sửa đề: Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn điều kiện abc=1. Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}+\frac{1}{bc+c+2}+\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}=\frac{1}{ab+1+b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{abc}{ab\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{bc+c+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt trên ta được
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy bđt được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
sử dụng hệ quả bun-nhi-a ta có:
VT\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
mà từ giả thiết , kết hợp với bất đẳng thức , ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)=>\(a+b+c\ge9\)
mặt khác: ab+bc+ca\(\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
=> VT\(\ge\)\(\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c+3\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}}=\frac{a+b+c}{4}\)(dpcm)
kiss_rain_and_you giỏi thật làm được bài này