3. Cup x,y,z >0 thỏa mãn x+y+z < hoặc bằng 6. Cm
1/x + 1/y + 1/z > hoặc bằng 3/2
4. Cho x,y,z >0. Cm
x/y + y/z + z/x > hoặc bằng 3
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Đề cần sửa thành $\leq \frac{4}{3}$
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{1}{(x^2+z^2)+(x^2+y^2)}\leq \frac{1}{2xy+2xz}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{xy+xz}\leq \frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(\sum \frac{1}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)=\frac{x+y+z}{4xyz}\) $(1)$
Mặt khác:
$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=4\Rightarrow 4xyz=xy+yz+xz$
$\Rightarrow 16x^2y^2z^2=(xy+yz+xz)^2\geq 3xyz(x+y+z)$ (theo BĐT AM-GM)
$\Rightarrow x+y+z\leq \frac{16}{3}xyz (2)$
Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow \sum \frac{1}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}\leq \frac{4}{3}$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}$
\(\dfrac{1}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+x^2+z^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2xy+2xz}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+2y^2+z^2}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+2z^2}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Đề bài sai
\(A=\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{x}+\frac{4}{y}+\frac{4}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{4}{4}=1\)
lớn hơn hoặc bằng ba căn ba nhé bạn. sorry nha, minh quên mất
a,
\(\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x\\ \left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|\ge0\forall y\\ \left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\forall z\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Mà
\(\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\le0\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|=0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|=0\\\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|=0\\\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{9}{2}=0\\y+\dfrac{4}{3}=0\\z+\dfrac{7}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-9}{2}\\y=\dfrac{-4}{3}\\z=\dfrac{-7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{-9}{2};y=\dfrac{-4}{3};z=\dfrac{-7}{2}\)
d,
\(\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|\ge0\forall x\\ \left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|\ge0\forall y\\ \left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|+\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Mà
\(\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|+\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|=0\\\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|=0\\\left|x+y+z\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{5}=0\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\\dfrac{-3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\\dfrac{-11}{20}+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\z=\dfrac{11}{20}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}=1-\frac{1}{x+1}+1-\frac{1}{y+1}+1-\frac{1}{z+1}=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
vì \(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}>=\frac{9}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{1+3}=\frac{9}{4}\)(bđt svacxo)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)< =3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 3:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{x}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{z}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT vừa thu được ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{x+y+z}{4}\geq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq 3-\frac{x+y+z}{4}\geq 3-\frac{6}{4}\) (do \(x+y+z\leq 6\) )
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)
Bài 4:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{x}}=3\sqrt[3]{1}=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)