Chứng minh :
\(\dfrac{1}{3} -\dfrac{2}{3^{2}} + \dfrac{3}{3^{3}}-...+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}<\dfrac{3}{16}\)
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Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{3}{3^3}-\dfrac{4}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A=1-\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{3^2}-\dfrac{4}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{99}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A+3A=1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4A=1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow12A=3-1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{97}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{99}}\) (2)
Cộng vế (1) và (2):
\(\Rightarrow16A=3-\dfrac{101}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow16A< 3\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{3}{16}\)
Đặt `A` `=` `1/3 - 2/3^2+3/3^3 - 4/3^4+ ... + 99/3^99-100/3^100`
`=>3A=1 -2/3 +3/3^2 - 4/3^3+ ... - 100/3^99`
`=>4A=A+3A=1-1/3+1/3^2-1/3^3+...-1/3^99 - 100/3^100`
`=>12A=3.4A=3-1+1/3-1/3^2+...-1/3^98 - 100/3^99`
`=>16A=12A+4A=3-1/3^99-100/3^99-100/3^1...`
`=>16A=3-101/3^99-100/3^100`
`<=>A=3/16-(101/3^99+100/3^100)/16 < 3/16`
`=> A<3/16`
@Nae
2:
\(B=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{-99}{100}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{101}{100}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}=\dfrac{-101}{200}< -\dfrac{100}{200}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
\(A=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(3A=1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(A+3A=1+\frac{1-2}{3}+\frac{-2+3}{3^2}+\frac{3-4}{3^3}+\frac{-4+5}{3^4}+...+\frac{99-100}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}-.....+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=(1-\frac{1}{3})+(\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3})+...+(\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}})-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{2}{3^3}+...+\frac{2}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(2A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{50}{3^{100}}\)
\(18A=3+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{450}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 18A-2A=3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{450}{3^{100}}+\frac{50}{3^{100}}=3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{400}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 16A=3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{400}{3^{100}}<3\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{16}\)
Đặt A=1/3-2/3^2+3/3^3-4/3^4+...+99/3^99-100/3^100
3A=1-2/3+3/3^2-4/3^3+...+99/3^98-100/3^99
3A+A=1-1/3+1/3^2-1/3^3+1/3^4-...+1/3^98-1/3^99-100/3^100
<1-1/3+1/3^2-1/3^3+1/3^4-...+1/3^98-1/3^99
Đặt S=1-1/3+1/3^2-1/3^3+1/3^4-...+1/3^98-1/3^99
3S=3-1+1/3-1/3^2+1/3^3-...-1/3^98
3S+S=3-1/3^99
S=(3-1/3^99) :4
S=3/4-1/4.3^99
\(\Rightarrow\)4A<3/4-1/4.3^99
\(\Rightarrow\)A<(3/4-1/4.3^99):4
\(\Rightarrow\)A<3/16-1/16.3^99<3/16
Vậy 1/3-2/3^2+3/3^3-4/3^4+...+99/3^99-100/3^100<3/16
M = \(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{3}{3^3}-\dfrac{4}{3^4}+....+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\)
3M = \(1-\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{3^2}-\dfrac{4}{3^3}+....+\dfrac{99}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{99}}\)
M+3M = \(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}+....+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\)
4M < \(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
Đặt A = \(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}+....+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
3A = \(3-1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}+......+\dfrac{1}{3^{97}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}\)
A+3A=\(3-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
4A = \(3-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}< 3=>A< \dfrac{3}{4}\)
=> 4M < \(\dfrac{3}{4}\) => M < \(\dfrac{3}{16}\) ĐPCM
Đặt :
\(A=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{3}{3^3}-.............+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(3A=1-\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{3^2}-\dfrac{4}{3^3}+...............+\dfrac{99}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(3A+A=\left(1-\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{3^2}-\dfrac{4}{3^3}+...............+\dfrac{99}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{99}}\right)\)\(+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{3}{3^3}-...............+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(4A=1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}+..............+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(4A< 1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}+............+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
Đặt :
\(B=1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...........+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(3B=3-1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}+................+\dfrac{1}{3^{97}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(3B+B=3-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(4B=3-\dfrac{1}{99}< 3\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow4A< \dfrac{3}{4}\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{3}{16}\rightarrowđpcm\)