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`a)`
`Fe + H_2 SO_4 -> FeSO_4 + H_2`
`0,4` `0,4` `0,4` `(mol)`
`n_[Fe]=[22,4]/56=0,4(mol)`
`b)m_[FeSO_4]=0,4.152=60,8(g)`
`c)V_[H_2]=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)`
\(b,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{50,4}{56}=0,9(mol)\\ PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,3.232=69,6(g)\\ c,PTHH:Fe_3O_4+8HCl\xrightarrow{t^o}FeCl_2+2FeCl_3+4H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{FeCl_2}=0,3(mol);n_{FeCl_3}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\text {muối}}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{FeCl_3}=0,3.127+0,6.162,5=135,6(g)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{78,84}{98}=0,8mol\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,2 < 0,8 ( mol )
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,6 ( mol )
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).98=19,6g\)
Cách 1:\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4g\)
Cách 2:
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8g\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,6.18=10,8g\)
Áp dụng ĐL BTKL, ta có:
\(m_{Al_2O_3}+m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+m_{H_2O}\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=20,4+58,8-10,8=68,4g\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05\cdot342=17,1\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
______0,1--->0,15-------->0,05------->0,15
=> mH2SO4 = 0,15.98 = 14,7 (g)
b) VH2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
c) mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,05.342 = 17,1 (g)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{8}{160}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
______0,05------>0,15--------->0,05
=> mH2SO4 = 0,15.98 = 14,7(g)
=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{14,7}{100}.100\%=14,7\%\)
\(C\%\left(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)=\dfrac{0,05.400}{8+100}.100\%=18,52\%\)
PTHH: Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH --> 2Fe(OH)3\(\downarrow\) + 3Na2SO4
________0,05----------------------->0,1
=> mFe(OH)3 = 0,1.107=10,7(g)
nFe3O4=m/M=3,84/232\(\approx0,017\)(mol)
nH2SO4=m/M=3,92/98=0,04(mol)
pthh:
Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O
1...............4..................1................1....................4 (mol)
0,01 <-0,04 -> 0,01 -> 0,01 ->0,04 (mol)
Muối tạo thành là FeSO4 và Fe2(SO4)3
=> mFeSO4=n.M=0,01.152=1,52(g)
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,01.400=4\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo câu b thì
=> md d H2SO4=\(\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}.100\%}{C\%}=\dfrac{0,04.98.100}{19,6}=20\left(g\right)\)
=> md d sau phản ứng =mFe3O4 +mH2SO4=3,84+20=23,84(g)
=> \(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{m_{FeSO_4}.100\%}{m_{ddsauphanung}}=\dfrac{1,52.100}{23,84}=\approx6,38\left(\%\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}.100\%}{m_{ddsauphanung}}=\dfrac{4.100}{23,84}\approx16,77\left(\%\right)\)